Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42367307›Full record

ArticleOrthopaedic journal of sports medicine2026

Psychological and Physical Readiness Profiles for Return to Sport in Patients After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: An Analysis of 822 Patients.

Hana Marmura, Jeffrey Spang, ARROW Group, Shelby E Baez, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Rehabilitation Outcomes Workgroup, Dylan P Roman, Sophia Ulman, Lauren Butler, Cody Walker, Taylor Douthit and 39 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

49 authors.

Hana MarmuraDepartment of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8648-870X
Jeffrey SpangWake Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, North Carolina, USA.
ARROW Group
Shelby E BaezDepartment of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Rehabilitation Outcomes Workgroup
Dylan P RomanConnecticut Children's, Hartford, Connecticut, USA.
Sophia UlmanScottish Rite for Children, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Lauren ButlerFlorida International University and Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA.
Cody WalkerArkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
Taylor DouthitChildren's Health Andrews Institute, Gulf Breeze, Florida, USA.
Christopher M KuenzeUniversity of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Victor V PratiArkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
Brant SachlebenArkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
Lucy PhanChildren's Health Andrews Institute, Gulf Breeze, Florida, USA.
Stephen LaPlanteChildren's Health Andrews Institute, Gulf Breeze, Florida, USA.
Lee PaceChildren's Health Andrews Institute, Gulf Breeze, Florida, USA.
Dhalston CageChildren's Health Andrews Institute, Gulf Breeze, Florida, USA.
John RoatenChildren's Health Andrews Institute, Gulf Breeze, Florida, USA.
John AbtChildren's Health Andrews Institute, Gulf Breeze, Florida, USA.
Dustin LovelandChildren's Health Andrews Institute, Gulf Breeze, Florida, USA.
Elliot GreenbergChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Meredith LinkChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Theodore GanleyChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Adam WeaverConnecticut Children's, Hartford, Connecticut, USA.
Nicholas GiampetruzziConnecticut Children's, Hartford, Connecticut, USA.
Brooke FarmerCreighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
Terry L GrindstaffCreighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
Edward ChangInova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA.
Rachel CherelsteinInova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA.
Corey D GrozierMichigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
Matthew HarkeyMichigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
Arjun ParmarMichigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
Jessica TolzmanMichigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
Alexa MartinezNicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA.
Jacob LandersScottish Rite for Children, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Kylee RucinskiUniversity of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
Chelsea HarrisonUniversity of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
Steven DeFrodaUniversity of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
Richard MaUniversity of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
Natalie KuppermanUniversity of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Xavier ThompsonUniversity of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Michelle WalaszekUniversity of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Kevin CrossUniversity of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Elaine ReicheUniversity of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Caitlin BrinkmanUniversity of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Tom BirchmeierUniversity of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Joseph M HartUniversity of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Shelby BaezUniversity of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Hana MarmuraUniversity of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Psychological factors influence return to sport (RTS) and reinjury rates following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR). However, many RTS decisions are made without considering psychological factors, or consider psychological and physical factors in isolation, leading to suboptimal RTS and reinjury rates. Purpose: To identify distinct profiles of psychological and physical readiness to RTS following ACLR using strength- and performance-based measures of physical readiness and to examine the extent to which these readiness domains align. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Data from the ACL Reconstruction Rehabilitation Outcomes Workgroup (ARROW) registry were used to construct patient profiles of psychological and physical readiness to RTS based on established criteria. Psychological readiness was defined by an ACL Return to Sport after Injury Scale (ACL-RSI) score ≥65 points out of 100. Strength-based and performance-based physical readiness was defined by a limb symmetry index ≥90% in isokinetic quadriceps strength and single-limb hop testing, respectively. Frequencies of all profiles were reported, alignment between psychological and physical domains was assessed, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to investigate differences in age, sex, and time since surgery. Results: A total of 822 patients were included in the analysis (age: mean ± SD, 18.8 ± 6.2 years; 51% female). The most common profile represented patients who met psychological (ACL-RSI) and performance-based physical readiness criteria (single-leg hop) but not strength-based physical readiness criteria (quadriceps strength) (32%; 261/822). When considering ACL-RSI, single-leg hop, and quadriceps criteria together, psychological and physical readiness did not align for 69% (571/822) of patients. Patients in the "neither psychologically nor physically ready" profile were older than patients in any other profiles. Male patients obtained psychological and physical readiness scores that aligned more often than female patients. Conclusion: There were a variety of distinct profiles of psychological and physical readiness in patients post-ACLR. Psychological, strength-based, and performance-based physical readiness to RTS criteria aligned for less than one-third of participants. Patients who did not meet psychological or physical readiness criteria tended to be older in age, and male patients were more likely to have alignment between their psychological and physical readiness domains.

Indexed as

ACLkneeligamentsphysical therapy/rehabilitationpsychological aspects of sport

Identifiers

PMID42367307
PMCPMC13309660

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.