Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42367392›Full record

ReviewCureus2026

The Role of Hypoxia-Regulated MicroRNAs (Hypoxamirs) in Tumor-Associated Macrophage Polarization: A Systematic Review.

Almunthir Altobi, Danhui Heo, Lina Barman, Santiago Ruiz

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Almunthir AltobiBiotechnology, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Sur, OMN.
Danhui HeoMedicine, University of Szeged Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, Szeged, HUN.
Lina BarmanFamily Medicine, Sutter Health Graduate Medical Education, California, USA.
Santiago RuizInternal Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, COL.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hypoxia within the tumor microenvironment (TME) triggers the exosomal transfer of microRNAs (hypoxamirs) that reprogram tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) toward a pro-tumorigenic M2 phenotype. This systematic review defines the molecular pathways and clinical consequences of the hypoxamir-TAM axis across solid malignancies to guide therapeutic translation. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library was conducted through February 1, 2026. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, 17 studies were included for analysis. Methodological quality was evaluated using the standard Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) tool. Analysis identified two primary regulatory tracks: a signaling axis mediated by targets such as PTEN, IRF1, and PHLPP2, and a metabolic axis driven by miR-210, let-7a, and miR-30c targeting the iron-sulfur cluster assembly protein (ISCU). These coordinated pathways drive an "angiogenic switch," facilitate "metabolic migration," and induce significant resistance to chemotherapies, including gemcitabine and temozolomide. Fourteen studies achieved a high-confidence Tier 1 OHAT rating. The hypoxamir-TAM axis is a fundamental driver of immune evasion and therapeutic failure. Targeting this dual-axis framework offers a viable strategy for restoring anti-tumor immunity, while circulating hypoxamirs represent high-value liquid biopsy biomarkers for real-time TME monitoring.

Indexed as

angiogenesischemoresistanceexosomeshypoxamirsimmunotherapyliquid biopsym2 polarizationtumor-associated macrophagestumor hypoxia

Identifiers

PMID42367392
PMCPMC13310154

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.