ArticleCureus2026
The Ateq Protocol: A Novel Mathematical Model for Predicting ECG Voltage and Detecting Early Metabolic Hypertension.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundThe diagnosis of "essential hypertension" in young adults often masks underlying metabolic dysfunctions. Traditional blood pressure monitoring frequently fails to explain early structural cardiac changes. This study aims to isolate a distinct "metabolic hypertension" phenotype driven by proinsulin-mediated pathways, utilizing a novel predictive model to assess the "hormonal-hemodynamic-voltage axis." MATERIALS AND
methodsWe conducted a retrospective cross-sectional analysis using harmonized population data. A specific metabolic phenotype was defined by hyperinsulinemia and a Sokolow-Lyon Index > 35 mm. We utilized linear regression to develop the Ateq Equation, integrating fasting proinsulin and systolic blood pressure (SBP) as primary predictors. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and the assessment of standardized beta coefficients to determine the relative impact of metabolic versus mechanical stressors.
resultsThe final model confirmed that proinsulin is a superior predictor of ECG voltage compared to SBP alone (p < 0.001). Standardized coefficients revealed that proinsulin exerts a significantly stronger influence on cardiac voltage (β = 0.690) than SBP (β = 0.173). Furthermore, proinsulin demonstrated a powerful correlation with SBP (R = 0.912, R
conclusionHyperproinsulinemia is the primary independent predictor of increased ECG voltage and elevated SBP in young patients, suggesting that hypertension is a hemodynamic symptom of an underlying metabolic disorder. The Ateq Gap provides a quantifiable metric to identify this phenotype. These findings provide the foundational logic for the Ateq Chip, a proposed biosensor for real-time monitoring of proinsulin-driven cardiac risks, enabling intervention years before overt clinical complications.
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