ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026
Beyond immunomodulation: mechanisms and synergistic strategies of mesenchymal stem cells in promoting alveolar epithelial and endothelial repair in ARDS.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
ARDS is a life-threatening lung disease marked by severe AECS and ECs damage, causing rapid lung function loss and high mortality. MSCs are promising therapies due to their immunoregulatory and regenerative properties. While early studies highlighted MSCs' anti-inflammatory effects in ARDS, recent findings emphasize their essential role in repairing the AECs and ECs. In this review, we detail the molecular mechanisms and synergistic effects of MSCs in epithelial and endothelial repair. We also examine how MSC-mediated immune regulation intersects with tissue repair, explore new combination approaches using drugs, gene editing, and bioengineering, and outline clinical limitations and ongoing challenges. Patient heterogeneity, disease stage, treatment timing, and safety issues limit the conduct of clinical trials and their translation. We summarize the roles, limitations, and challenges of MSCs in ARDS to guide future research and inform the development of new treatments.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.