Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42368094›Full record

ArticleACS omega2026

Toward Non-Invasive Neurological Biomarker Monitoring: Dopamine Sensing in Tears with Laser-Induced Graphene Electrochemical Sensors.

Lucas Minghini Gonçalves, Bruno Vasconcellos Lopes, Bruno da Silveira Noremberg, Raphael Dorneles Caldeira Balboni, Guilherme Kurz Maron, Anderson Thesing, Daiane Dias, Irene Teresinha Santos Garcia, Sabir Khan, Neftali Lenin Villarreal Carreno

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in ACS omega, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Lucas Minghini GonçalvesGraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, 96010-000 Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Bruno Vasconcellos LopesGraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, 96010-000 Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Bruno da Silveira NorembergGraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, 96010-000 Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Raphael Dorneles Caldeira BalboniGraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, 96010-000 Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Guilherme Kurz MaronGraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, 96010-000 Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4918-0383
Anderson ThesingInstitute of Physics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre RS 91501-970, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3655-9936
Daiane DiasUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG) - School of Chemistry and Food, Av. Itália S/N, km. 8 (Carreiros), Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil.
Irene Teresinha Santos GarciaFederal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Department of Physical Chemistry, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1647-5054
Sabir KhanGraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, 96010-000 Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4557-238X
Neftali Lenin Villarreal CarrenoGraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, 96010-000 Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5780-817X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Dopamine plays a crucial role in motor control, cognition, and emotional regulation, and its abnormal levels are associated with disorders such as Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia, highlighting the need for sensitive, selective, and noninvasive detection methods. This study reports the development of a high-performance, nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor based on laser-induced graphene, functionalized with nickel nitrate and urea, for the detection of dopamine. Cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry were employed to assess the sensor's selectivity and overall performance. In-depth characterization by scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the successful formation of a porous and electroactive graphene structure, uniformly functionalized with nickel ions and nitrogen-containing groups. These modifications enhanced electron transfer rates and increased the number of active sites for dopamine oxidation. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated excellent performance, with a linear detection range of 0.25-16.44 μmol·L

Identifiers

PMID42368094
PMCPMC13294949

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.