ReviewInternational journal of nanomedicine2026
Advances in Nanotechnology-Based Immunomodulatory Strategies for the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis.
Review in International journal of nanomedicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis is a prevalent, chronic airway inflammatory disorder that poses growing public health, clinical, and socioeconomic challenges on a global scale. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is currently the only etiological therapy that can modify the natural course of allergic rhinitis. However, conventional AIT has limitations such as significant individual differences in efficacy, long treatment duration, and local adverse effects. The above bottlenecks highlight the urgent need to develop precise, efficient, and more secure immune-targeted intervention strategies. In recent years, nanodurgs have opened a new avenue for allergic rhinitis immunotherapy by leveraging unique advantages such as precise drug release control, targeted delivery, and enhanced immunomodulation. This article systematically reviews the recent advances in nanotechnology-based immunotherapeutic strategies for allergic rhinitis, with particular emphasis on two innovative strategies: nanovaccines and nanobodies. We further discusses the utility of diverse nanocarrier platforms, including polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, and exosomes, which as immunomodulatory adjuvants and precision delivery systems. In addition, we elucidate the design principles and mechanistic underpinnings of intelligent responsive nanosystems, highlighting their potential to concurrently improve therapeutic efficacy and safety through synergistic immunoregulation. Collectively, this review provides a scientific foundation for the future development of novel, clinically translatable interventions for immune-mediated diseases, including allergic rhinitis.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.