Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42368532›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in plant science2026

Agro-physiological responses and molecular docking evaluation of some essential oils and ascorbic acid as eco-friendly inhibitors of powdery mildew in cucumber plants.

Hanaa S Omar, Ahmed Mohamed, Nehad A El-Gammal, Reda I Omara, Amira A Ayad, Mohamed M El-Mogy, Leonard L Williams, Emad A Abdeldaym

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in plant science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Hanaa S OmarGenetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
Ahmed MohamedPlant Pathology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
Nehad A El-GammalPlant Pathology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
Reda I OmaraPlant Pathology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
Amira A AyadCenter for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States.
Mohamed M El-MogyDepartment of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, El-Mogy, Saudi Arabia.
Leonard L WilliamsCenter for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States.
Emad A AbdeldaymDepartment of Vegetable, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Powdery mildew is a major fungal disease affecting cucumber production, often managed using synthetic fungicides with environmental and health concerns. This study investigates plant-derived essential oils and ascorbic acid as eco-friendly alternatives, focusing on their effects on disease control, plant physiology, biochemical defenses, and molecular resistance mechanisms. Methods: Two greenhouse experiments were conducted using garlic oil, cumin oil, ascorbic acid, a commercial fungicide (Topas), and an untreated control. Antifungal activity was evaluated alongside plant growth, physiological traits, and yield parameters. Oxidative stress markers (H₂O₂ and MDA), antioxidant enzyme activities (PPO and POD), and biochemical compounds (TPC, TFC, TFAA, and proline) were measured. Gene expression of defense-related markers (PR-1 and LOX-1) was analyzed using qRT-PCR. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified major bioactive compounds, and molecular docking was performed to explore potential antifungal mechanisms. Results: All treatments significantly reduced powdery mildew severity and oxidative stress compared with untreated plants. Garlic oil showed the highest efficacy, followed by cumin oil and ascorbic acid. Disease severity was positively correlated with H₂O₂ and MDA levels and negatively correlated with plant growth, chlorophyll content, and yield. Garlic oil significantly enhanced plant height, biomass, leaf number, chlorophyll content, and fruit yield. These improvements were associated with increased antioxidant enzyme activities and higher levels of phenolics, flavonoids, amino acids, and proline. Gene expression analysis revealed significant upregulation of PR-1 and LOX-1, particularly in garlic and cumin oil treatments. Molecular docking supported the antifungal potential of the identified compounds through stable interactions with key fungal targets. Discussion: Plant-derived essential oils, especially garlic oil, demonstrated strong antifungal activity and the ability to enhance plant defense systems at physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. These findings highlight their potential as safe, sustainable alternatives to synthetic fungicides for managing powdery mildew in cucumber cultivation.

Indexed as

antioxidant enzymesCucumis sativusessential oilsmolecular dockingpowdery mildewresistance induction

Identifiers

PMID42368532
PMCPMC13303492

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.