ReviewOncology letters2026
Advantages and research progress of three-dimensional culture systems for lung cancer drug screening (Review).
Review in Oncology letters, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Conventional two-dimensional cell cultures predominantly grow as monolayers, lacking the complex spatial architecture of in vivo tumors. However, three-dimensional (3D) tumor culture systems can overcome these limitations by reconstituting cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, thereby recapitulating the essential hallmarks of solid tumors, including spatial gradients of oxygen, growth factors and metabolites. 3D tumor models are essential preclinical tools in lung cancer research, providing valuable resources for studying cancer biology and developing novel anticancer drugs. The present review examines different 3D culture methods, highlighting the benefits and applications of multicellular tumor spheroids and organoid models in the screening process for anti-lung cancer drugs. The present review aims to provide a novel perspective on tumor biology and in vitro drug screening, and a theoretical basis for developing and applying 3D culture models.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.