Evidence mapPaperPMID 42368611Full record

ReviewEULAR rheumatology open2025

Management of systemic lupus erythematosus with kidney involvement: systematic literature review to inform the 2025 update of EULAR recommendations.

Myrto Kostopoulou, George Bertsias, Carlo Alberto Scire, Dimitrios T Boumpas, Antonis Fanouriakis

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in EULAR rheumatology open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Myrto KostopoulouDepartment of Nephrology, "G. Gennimatas" General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
George BertsiasRheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University Hospital of Heraklion, Greece.
Carlo Alberto ScireEpidemiology Research Unit, Italian Society of Rheumatology, Milan, and School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
Dimitrios T BoumpasRheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, "Attikon" University Hospital, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
Antonis FanouriakisRheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, "Attikon" University Hospital, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objectives: To identify, appraise, and synthesise current evidence regarding the management of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with kidney involvement towards informing the 2025 update of the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) recommendations. Methods: The Task Force formulated 11 research questions grouped into 6 distinct sections, namely indications of diagnostic kidney biopsy; treatment targets; efficacy and safety of immune treatments in lupus nephritis (LN); efficacy and safety of nonimmune treatments; treatment duration; and indications for repeat kidney biopsy. A dedicated systematic literature review (SLR) was performed for each section. SLRs were performed in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from January 2019 to March 2024. Results: Patients with SLE with low-grade proteinuria (<500-1000 mg/d) and/or haematuria may have histologically active disease, based on evidence of moderate quality. Observational studies of good quality have demonstrated an association between complete or partial renal response within the first 6 to 12 months and long-term kidney survival. A combination of 2 immunosuppressive agents, such as belimumab with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)/cyclophosphamide, voclosporin with MMF, or obinutuzumab with MMF, is associated with higher response rates, based on high-quality randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Discontinuation of treatment has been linked with an increased risk of relapse, as evidenced by 3 RCTs with substantial heterogeneity. Conclusions: High-quality RCTs indicate a benefit from combination treatments compared with previous standard-of-care in LN. Patients who respond within the first year of treatment tend to have better long-term outcomes. Kidney biopsy is essential for diagnosis, but the role of repeat biopsy awaits confirmation from higher-quality studies.

Identifiers

PMID42368611
PMCPMC13292291

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.