ArticleMaterials today. Bio2026
Harnessing inter-spheroid spacing and structural connectivity to direct collective cell migration and host vessel integration in 3D engineered tissue.
Article in Materials today. Bio, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Engineering functional vascular networks within three-dimensional (3D) tissues remains a major challenge in regenerative medicine. Here, we introduce a hybrid platform that integrates spheroids with gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels and 3D-printed poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds to generate pre-vascularized 3D constructs. The scaffold architecture was designed with spatially defined chambers and interconnected pores incorporating catching strands that anchor spheroid positioning and direct cell migration from embedded spheroids. Additionally, the GelMA matrix establishes a permissive microenvironment conducive to cell adhesion and matrix remodeling, and the PCL framework preserves macroscopic structural integrity. Co-culture spheroids composed of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSC) enhanced sprouting and collective migration compared with suspended single cells, and also provided significant upregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling genes and pro-angiogenic markers. Spatially distributed spheroids with 3D structure strongly modulated vascular network morphogenesis, whereby the inter-spheroid distance finely tuned cell migration dynamics and ECM remodeling. Scaffold microarchitecture further governed host tissue integration
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.