ArticleiScience2026
Clinical dose of enoxaparin enhances oncolytic virus M1 infection and antitumor efficacy in human bladder cancer.
Article in iScience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
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Abstract
Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients, commonly treated with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH). LMWH is structurally similar to cell-surface heparan sulfate (HS), a key mediator of viral attachment, raising concerns that anticoagulation might interfere with oncolytic virotherapy. Here, we found that heparin directly binds oncolytic virus M1 (OVM). While high-dose enoxaparin inhibited viral infection, clinically relevant plasma concentrations (0.52-1.2 IU/mL) unexpectedly enhanced OVM infection and oncolysis in human bladder cancer cells. Mechanistically, enoxaparin at these concentrations facilitates viral attachment via HS proteoglycans (HSPGs). Crucially, this potentiation depends on the host innate immune landscape and is restricted to cells with attenuated interferon-α (IFN-α) responses.
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