SynthesisFrontiers in endocrinology2026
Association between bisphenol exposure and polycystic ovary syndrome risk: an integrated systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The Effects of Microplastics and Trace Elements on Ovarian Function and Pathology: A Literature Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder associated with environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals, particularly bisphenols (BPs) such as bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS). BPs may disrupt reproductive and metabolic pathways through estrogenic, anti-androgenic, and obesogenic effects, contributing to the pathogenesis of PCOS. However, the epidemiological evidence remains inconsistent. Methods: This PRISMA-guided systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated observational studies (cross-sectional, case-control, longitudinal) from PubMed and Web of Science up to December 2024. Seventeen studies involving 3, 010 women were included after screening. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects models due to high heterogeneity (I² > 50%). Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Result: The meta-analysis revealed significant positive associations between PCOS risk and serum BPA (SMD = 1.32, 95% CI: 0.83-1.82), urinary BPA (SMD = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.41-3.97), and serum BPS (SMD = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.07-0.46). Heterogeneity was high for BPA (I² = 95-99%) but absent for BPS (I² = 0%). Sensitivity analyses excluding lower-quality studies confirmed the robustness of the findings. Subgroup analyses utilizing the Rotterdam criteria slightly attenuated the associations for BPA. Funnel plots indicated no significant publication bias. Conclusion: Exposure to BPs, represented by BPA and BPS, was significantly associated with an increased risk of PCOS, likely mediated by endocrine disruption, metabolic dysregulation, and epigenetic mechanisms. These findings underscore the necessity for regulatory policies aimed at reducing population-level exposure to BPs, the clinical integration of BPs biomonitoring in the management of PCOS, and further research on gene-environment interactions and non-monotonic dose effects. Addressing exposure to BPs may offer novel preventive and therapeutic strategies for PCOS. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, CRD42024578174.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.