Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42369341›Full record

ArticleJournal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B, Statistical methodology2026

Principal stratification with U-statistics under principal ignorability.

Xinyuan Chen, Fan Li

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B, Statistical methodology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Xinyuan ChenDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6127-9602
Fan LiDepartment of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6183-1893

Funding

Advancing the design, analysis, and interpretation of acute respiratory distress syndrome trials using modern statistical toolsR01HL168202 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Michael Oscar Harhay, Fan Li · 2023 to 2026
$2.9M
New win methods for addressing multiple and composite outcomes in cluster-randomized trialsR01HL178513 · NHLBI · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI Fan Li · 2025 to 2026
$1.4M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL168202NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL178513
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Principal stratification is a popular framework for causal inference in the presence of an intermediate outcome. While the principal average treatment effects are the standard target of inference, they may be insufficient when interest lies in the relative ordering of potential outcomes within a principal stratum. We introduce the principal generalized causal effect estimands to accommodate nonlinear contrast functions, providing robust, probability-scale summaries suitable for ordinal outcomes and win-loss comparisons with composite endpoints. Under principal ignorability, we expand the theoretical results in Jiang et al. (

Indexed as

causal inferenceefficient influence functionmultiply robust estimationprincipal stratificationprobabilistic index win ratio

Identifiers

PMID42369341
PMCPMC13307717

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.