Evidence mapPaperPMID 42369655Full record

ReviewOsteoporosis and sarcopenia2026

Sarcopenia in cognitive disorders: Toward a shared pathophysiological framework.

Yiming Liu, Kah Hwei Clarice Chua, Clement Gwee You Qi, Jia Dong James Wang

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Osteoporosis and sarcopenia, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Yiming LiuLee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
Kah Hwei Clarice ChuaLee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
Clement Gwee You QiLee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
Jia Dong James WangLee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sarcopenia and cognitive disorders frequently co-occur and may share convergent biology spanning systemic inflammation, vascular dysfunction, oxidative stress, and hormonal-metabolic dysregulation. Literature search was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and CENTRAL from January 2000 to March 2026. Search terms included "Sarcopenia", "Mild Cognitive Impairment", and "Dementia". Eighty-two studies met inclusion criteria (54 clinical; 28 interventions), discussing epidemiological trends, mechanistic pathways, biomarkers, and therapeutic targets. Clinical evidence clustered across inflammation, vascular change and energetics, hormonal-metabolic dysregulation, and biomarkers. Elevated inflammatory mediators tracked slower gait, weaker grip, and poorer cognition, mapping to mobility decline and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) deficits. Cross-domain readouts linked muscle and brain: muscular fat infiltration related to worse cognitive-motor performance; temporalis muscle thickness correlated with MoCA and tau signal; impaired post-exercise phosphocreatine recovery associated with higher neurodegeneration risk and slower processing/gait. Blood biomarkers consistently stratified motor-cognitive status/decline. Among intervention reports, aerobic/resistance training improved strength, mobility, and often processing outcomes; protein (± vitamin D) and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid showed supportive but heterogeneous effects; vitamin D alone showed mixed muscle results but associated with lower dementia incidence; single-pathway metabolic/anti-cytokine strategies were mixed. Few studies powered dual musculoskeletal-cognitive endpoints, limiting quantitative synthesis. There is compelling evidence for bidirectional crosstalk between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment. However, evidence substantiating shared interventions remains limited and could benefit from more multi-center dual-outcome randomized controlled trials. Establishing consensus risk stratification criteria based on common biomarkers may support integrated management of these conditions, improving patient outcomes.

Identifiers

PMID42369655
PMCPMC13308418

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.