Evidence mapPaperPMID 42370031Full record

ArticleJournal of multimorbidity and comorbidity

Exploring theoretical policy options for reducing socioeconomic inequalities in multimorbidity: A microsimulation study in England from 2019-2049.

Anna Head, Max Birkett, Kate Fleming, Chris Kypridemos, Martin O'Flaherty

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Article in Journal of multimorbidity and comorbidity. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Anna HeadDepartment of Public Health, Policy and Systems, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4577-9869
Max BirkettDepartment of Public Health, Policy and Systems, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6076-6820
Kate FlemingNHS England, National Disease Registration Service, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6572-5016
Chris KypridemosDepartment of Public Health, Policy and Systems, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0746-9229
Martin O'FlahertyDepartment of Public Health, Policy and Systems, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8944-4131

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Projections suggest that the number of adults living with multimorbidity will continue growing in the coming decades. Little is known, however, about the potential impact of prevention policies on multimorbidity. Methods & findings: We applied a validated microsimulation model of multimorbidity accumulation to simulate theoretical scenarios of health improvement and inequality reduction in England over 30 years (2019-2049), compared to a baseline scenario of continuing patterns in accumulation. Four theoretical scenarios were based on Benach et al.'s typology of health policies: 1) targeted intervention on the worst-off; 2) universal policy + additional focus on the gap; 3) redistributive policy; 4) proportionate universalism; plus an idealistic fifth scenario completely removing socioeconomic inequality in transition times between states. We selected a target of 3% reduction in mortality for scenarios 1-4, based on reductions seen from tobacco control policies. Outputs compared were: difference in 2049 projected prevalence and numbers compared to baseline, total cases prevented/postponed compared to baseline, and expected years lived without multimorbidity at age 30. Our results suggest that gains in levelling socioeconomic inequalities in health would prevent/postpone multimorbidity cases and reduce relative health inequalities among those aged <65. However, this would also likely lead to increased absolute numbers living with multimorbidity overall. Conclusions: Our theoretical modelling suggests effective and equitable policies have potential to reduce the population-level burden of multimorbidity, postponing a substantial number of multimorbidity cases, particularly before age 65. This is, however, likely to lead to greater absolute numbers of multimorbidity cases as individuals live for longer.

Indexed as

inequalitiesmicrosimulationmultimorbiditypreventionpublic health

Identifiers

PMID42370031
PMCPMC13305289

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.