ReviewHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2026
Repurposing licensed viral vaccines as anti-cancer therapeutics: Turning cold tumors hot.
Review in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rising cancer incidences worldwide underline the need for effective and globally accessible therapies. Oncolytic viruses (OV), targeting tumor cells and stimulating anti-tumor immunity, are attractive anti-cancer agents but face challenges like stringent regulatory hurdles and excessive costs, which decelerate their global clinical implementation. Licensed viral vaccines for cancer therapy have emerged as a promising alternative to OVs, leveraging their well-established safety profiles and potential cost benefits. This review discusses the current understanding on their anti-cancer effects. Preclinical experiments, case studies and clinical trials highlight their anti-cancer potential and reveal underlying mechanisms. Similar to OVs, viral vaccines can transform "cold" tumor immune microenvironments into "hot," synergize with immune checkpoint inhibitors, and are not necessarily hampered by pre-existing immunity. Collectively, they represent a promising and readily available addition to cancer therapy. Further studies into optimizing efficacy, delivery, and synergy, as well as clinical evaluation are warranted to fully realize their anti-cancer potential.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.