Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42374146›Full record

ArticleJournal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association2026

Metabolic health conditions in pregnancy, human milk hormone concentrations, and infant adiposity.

Clare Keeney, Bridget E Young, Veronika Shabanova, Sarah N Taylor, Catherine O Buck

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Article in Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Clare KeeneyFrank H. Netter MD School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, CT, USA.
Bridget E YoungPediatrics - Breastfeeding and Lactation Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3257-8179
Veronika ShabanovaDepartment of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Sarah N TaylorDepartment of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6948-8329
Catherine O BuckDepartment of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. catherine.buck@yale.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3731-943X

Funding

Doris Duke Charitable Foundation (DDCF) 2021266
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo explore differences in human milk hormones with metabolic conditions (obesity and/or diabetes) during pregnancy and the relationship with infant adiposity. STUDY

designIn a prospective cohort of term and preterm infants, hormones were measured in early human milk, and growth was assessed at discharge. Differences in hormones by metabolic conditions and the relationship with growth were modeled using quantile and linear regression.

resultAmong 38 infants (mean gestational age 35.2 weeks), 50% were in the metabolic-group. Milk leptin was higher in the metabolic-group, with median difference 427 pg/mL (95% CI: 3.2, 850.9). After adjustment for exposure to maternal milk, each 10-fold change in leptin related to 2.1 cm (95% CI: 0.3, 4.2) increase in abdominal circumference and each 10-fold change in insulin related to 1.1 cm (95% CI: 0.03, 2.1) increase in mid-arm circumference, while other effects were attenuated.

conclusionIn this explorative study, leptin was higher in human milk from women with metabolic conditions, and human milk hormones predicted growth at discharge.

Identifiers

PMID42374146

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.