Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42374495›Full record

Trial reportHealth and quality of life outcomes2026

A randomised equivalence study of the EQ-5D-5L Shona versions: evaluation of measurement equivalence between digital and paper formats.

Jermaine M Dambi, Fredrick D Purba, Beatrice K Shava, Anotida R Hove, Shalom R Doyce, Tariro Tunduwani, Ben Domingue, Dixon Chibanda, A Simon Pickard

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Health and quality of life outcomes, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Jermaine M DambiDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences - Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box AV 178, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe. jermainedambi@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2446-7903
Fredrick D PurbaFaculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7336-3043
Beatrice K ShavaDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences - Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box AV 178, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9130-7010
Anotida R HoveDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences - Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box AV 178, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-4050-0135
Shalom R DoyceDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences - Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box AV 178, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-7593-3253
Tariro TunduwaniDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences - Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box AV 178, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-8073-7068
Ben DomingueGraduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3894-9049
Dixon Chibanda *Friendship Bench, Harare, Zimbabwe.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2505-8607
A Simon Pickard *Department of Pharmacy Systems, Outcomes, and Policy (PSOP), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5645-7091

Funding

EuroQol Research Foundation Project 212-RA
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionRoutine assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of people living with HIV (PLHIV) is essential. We evaluated measurement equivalence between the digital and paper versions of the Shona EQ-5D-5L and examined known-groups validity. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We conducted a parallel randomised study in Zimbabwe with 700 participants allocated equally to the digital and paper groups.

resultsThe study included 611 participants with a mean age of 37.5 years (SD 12.2). Most were female (70.7%), had secondary education (67.9%), and reported financial inadequacy (68.7%). The digital and paper versions of the EQ-5D-5L Shona demonstrated measurement equivalence. Older age (AOR = 0.60; 95% CI 0.41-0.88; p = 0.008), food insecurity (AOR = 1.80; 95% CI 1.20-2.80; p = 0.01), financial insecurity (AOR = 1.72; 95% CI 1.10-2.69; p = 0.017), and elevated CMD symptoms (AOR = 0.45; 95% CI 0.29-0.68; p < 0.001) were associated with lower HRQoL.

conclusionThis study demonstrated measurement equivalence between the digital and paper versions of the EQ-5D-5L Shona. Both versions can therefore be used confidently in routine clinical care and research. The findings also highlight the need for tailored interventions to improve HRQoL among PLHIV.

Indexed as

HIV InfectionsQuality of LifeAdultDigital MediaFemaleHealth StatusHumansMaleMiddle AgedPsychometricsReproducibility of ResultsSurveys and QuestionnairesZimbabweDigitalEQ-5D-5LMeasurement equivalenceValidationZimbabwe

Identifiers

PMID42374495
PMCPMC13579888

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.