ArticleOpen veterinary journal2026
Beneficial immunomodulatory and hematological effects of bifidobacterium and lactobacillus probiotics in canine coronavirus vaccine induction in a murine model.
Article in Open veterinary journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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7 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Recent coronavirus (CoV) outbreaks have raised global concerns regarding their impact on public health and animal populations. Probiotics, particularly Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory and hematological effects of Methods: Twenty-four mice were randomly divided into the following four groups: control, CCoV induction, CCoV induction + isoprinosine, and CCoV induction + probiotics. The CCoV vaccine (60 mg/kg body weight) was administered subcutaneously for 7 days, while probiotics were administered orally for 14 days. On day 15, we collected blood samples for hematological and immunological assessments, including leukocyte count, hemoglobin, lymphocytes, neutrophils, caspase-3 (Casp-3), and interferon (IFN)-gamma (IFN-γ) levels. Lung and duodenum tissues were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin, and sectioned for hematoxylin-eosin staining. Immunohistochemistry staining for Casp-3 and IFN-γ was performed using specific primary antibodies (Abcam, UK), followed by HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies and 3,3-diaminobenzidine chromogen development. Sections were counterstained with hematoxylin and examined under a light microscope at 40× magnification. Results: The probiotic-treated group showed significant improvements in hematological parameters (leukocytes, hemoglobin, lymphocytes, and neutrophils) as well as reduced Casp-3 levels and increased IFN-γ expression compared with the other groups ( Conclusion: Probiotic supplementation with
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