ArticleOpen veterinary journal2026
Validation of eye occluding device developed from bottle caps for dopamine studies in rabbits: A pilot study.
Article in Open veterinary journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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3 authors.
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Abstract
Background: The designs of custom ocular occluders vary widely and may introduce heterogeneity in biological outcomes. Retinal dopamine D₁ receptor (D₁R) signaling is thought to exert a protective role and reduce dopaminergic activity in the rabbit retina. Aim: The aim of this study was to prove the reduction in D Methods: A low-cost, opaque monocular occluder was developed by repurposing black plastic bottle caps cushioned with adhesive bandage tape. The occluder was applied to the right eye of 2 to 3-month-old male New Zealand White rabbits for 30 days, with the left eye serving as an unoccluded control. The devices were replaced every 3 days under minimal lighting. At the end of the occlusion period, rabbits were euthanized, their eyes were enucleated, and retinal/vitreal tissues were collected. D₁R concentrations were quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The bottle-cap occluder was well tolerated; no clinical signs of conjunctivitis, corneal opacity, discharge, eyelid edema, or orbital cellulitis were observed. Retinal/vitreal D₁R levels were consistently lower in occluded eyes than in fellow eyes. In Rabbit 1, D₁R concentrations were 0.41 ng/ml in the left (unoccluded) eye and 0.26 ng/ml in the right (occluded) eye; in Rabbit 2, D1R concentrations were 2.82 and 1.95 ng/ml, respectively. Conclusion: This pilot study suggests that a simple black bottle-cap-based eye occluder can be safely used in rabbits and is associated with reduced retinal D₁R levels, supporting its utility as a low-cost tool for experimental dopamine research.
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