Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42376871›Full record

ArticleACS applied materials & interfaces2026

Oral Delivery of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles To Treat Intestinal Inflammation.

Mona Belaid, Wei Heng Chng, Ram Pravin Kumar Muthuramalingam, Yun Wei Lim, Jana Javorovic, Yunyue Zhang, Xiang Luo, Bertrand Czarny, Driton Vllasaliu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in ACS applied materials & interfaces, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Mona BelaidInstitute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.ORCID 0009-0003-0903-2631
Wei Heng ChngDepartment of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0002-5518-8034
Ram Pravin Kumar MuthuramalingamDepartment of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0002-2120-7620
Yun Wei LimSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
Jana JavorovicInstitute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
Yunyue ZhangInstitute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
Xiang LuoInstitute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-9496-4457
Bertrand CzarnySchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0002-9586-0913
Driton VllasaliuInstitute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite advances in therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), current treatments are associated with poor clinical outcomes and systemic side effects. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have therapeutic potential in IBD due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. However, most studies administer MSC-EVs by injection, which does not offer the significant benefits of oral administration, including direct and localized access to the site(s) of intestinal inflammation. Here, we evaluated the stability of MSC-EVs for oral delivery by assessing particle size, concentration, and EV markers. MSC-EVs disintegrated in gastrointestinal (GI) fluids, with cryogenic electron microscopy confirming the loss of structural integrity. To address this, we developed a double-coating formulation consisting of chitosan and Eudragit S100 to enhance GI stability and facilitate colon-targeted delivery. Coated EVs were resistant to GI fluids and digestive enzymes, and the formulation released structurally intact, biologically active vesicles in colonic fluid. Preliminary in vivo studies showed that orally administered coated EVs reduced disease severity in a colitis mouse model and elicited a stronger therapeutic response than uncoated EVs administered orally or intravenously at the same dose. These findings indicate that, with appropriate formulation, oral delivery of MSC-EVs could be an effective route of administration to treat intestinal inflammation.

Indexed as

ColitisExtracellular VesiclesInflammatory Bowel DiseasesMesenchymal Stem CellsAdministration, OralAnimalsChitosanDisease Models, AnimalHumansInflammationMiceMice, Inbred C57BLPolymethacrylic AcidsChitosanPolymethacrylic Acidscolitiscolon targetinginflammatory bowel diseasemesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesiclesoral delivery

Identifiers

PMID42376871
PMCPMC13422774

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.