Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42377493›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of applied physiology2026

Acute hemoglobin responses during bench press exercise across relative loads and sport backgrounds: a cross-sectional functional near-infrared spectroscopy study.

Toru Kosuge, Tadamitsu Matsuda, Susumu Yoshida, Kodai Sugawara, Hiroku Mitsuya, Takayoshi Hakkaku, Shogo Okamura, Toshihiko Hashimoto, Takashi Okada

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Article in European journal of applied physiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Toru KosugeGraduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, 7-1-1 Fukasawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan. 24sda09@nittai.ac.jp.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-9491-3172
Tadamitsu MatsudaDepartment of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Susumu YoshidaParalympic Support Center, Japan Para Powerlifting Federation (NPO), 4F Nippon Foundation Building, 1-2-2 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Kodai SugawaraResearch Institute for Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, 7-1-1 Fukasawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Hiroku MitsuyaFaculty of Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Fukasawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Takayoshi HakkakuFaculty of Health Care, Teikyo Heisei University, 2-51-4 Higashi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Shogo OkamuraGraduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, 7-1-1 Fukasawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Toshihiko HashimotoDepartment of Judo Therapy and Medical Science, Faculty of Medical Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
Takashi OkadaGraduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, 7-1-1 Fukasawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo compare acute hemoglobin responses during bench press (BP) exercise among bodybuilders (BB), powerlifters (PL), Paralympic powerlifters (PP), and untrained controls (CON), with emphasis on relative load and sport background.

methodsThirty-eight participants (BB, n = 10; PL, n = 10; PP, n = 8; CON, n = 10) performed ten BP repetitions at 20%, 40%, and 60% of one-repetition maximum (1RM). Multichannel functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to assess oxygenated hemoglobin (O₂Hb), deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb), and total hemoglobin (tHb) responses over the C3-Cz-C4 region. Linear mixed models were used to test the effects of group, condition, and their interactions.

resultsThe main effect of condition was significant for ΔO₂Hb in nine of ten channels and for ΔtHb in one channel (p_FDR_channel < 0.05). No group effects or group × condition interactions were observed for ΔO₂Hb, ΔHHb, or ΔtHb. Within-group post hoc analyses showed that ΔO₂Hb differences were observed mainly between 20 and 40% of 1RM (p_FDR_slice < 0.05), with fewer additional differences involving 60% of 1RM.

conclusionAcute hemoglobin responses during BP were expressed primarily as ΔO₂Hb changes and were associated with relative load under the present low-to-moderate load conditions. Because group effects and group × condition interactions were not supported, these findings should be regarded as preliminary and descriptive rather than evidence of sport-specific adaptation or between-group differences in response magnitude. Observed O₂Hb changes represent regional hemodynamic responses, not direct measures of cortical activation or motor control processes.

Indexed as

HemoglobinsResistance TrainingWeight LiftingAdultCross-Sectional StudiesHumansMaleSpectroscopy, Near-InfraredHemoglobinsBench pressFunctional near-infrared spectroscopyOxygenated hemoglobinParalympic powerliftingResistance training

Identifiers

PMID42377493

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.