ArticlePloS one2026
Impact of kidney function on the metabolome in the general population.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundA reduction in kidney function cause metabolites that normally are cleared by the kidney to accumulate. These accumulated metabolites could potentially link kidney function to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
aimTo assess the relationships between creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the metabolome (791 endogenous metabolites) in the general population, as well as the cortisol to cortisone ratio. PATIENTS AND
methodsThree population-based cohorts, Epihealth, PIVUS and POEM (total n = 3,444), were used with a discovery/validation approach. Metabolomics was measured by mass spectroscopy. eGFR was calculated using the 2021 CKD-EPI creatinine-based equation. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the correlations between each metabolite concentration and eGFR, adjusting for sex, % fat mass, cardiovascular risk factors and medications. The metabolites significant in the linear regression were analyzed using MultiVariable Mendelian Randomization (MVMR), adjusting for diabetes and BMI.
resultsNighty-six metabolites were significantly associated to eGFR and had the same direction of association in both linear regression and MVMR. The vast majority of these associations were negative. Apart from creatinine, N-acetylalanine, N,N-dimethyl-pro-pro, N,N,N-trimethyl-alanylproline betaine (TMAP) were the top findings. Pathway enrichment analysis (Metaboloanalyst 6.0) found five significantly enriched pathways, two of which involved amino acid metabolism.
conclusionsIn a general population with only mild to moderately reduced kidney function, several metabolites were associated with kidney function, including the cortisol to cortisone ratio. This finding is of interest since several of these metabolites might link reduced kidney function to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.