Evidence mapPaperPMID 42379707Full record

Trial reportBMJ open2026

Protocol for the economic evaluation of integrated longitudinal public health interventions in a cluster randomised controlled trial setting: the healthy life trajectories initiative.

Vivek U Padvetnaya, Ruguoser Liegise, Riddhi Sharma, Manohar Prasad Prabhu, T K Nagabharana, Kumar Gavali Suryanarayana, Ghattu V Krishnaveni, Stephen G Matthews, Kalyanaraman Kumaran

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Vivek U PadvetnayaJindal School of Government and Public Policy, OP Jindal Global University, Sonipat, Haryana, India vupadvetnaya@jgu.edu.in.
Ruguoser LiegiseJindal School of Public Health and Human Development, OP Jindal Global University, Sonipat, Haryana, India.
Riddhi SharmaJindal School of Government and Public Policy, OP Jindal Global University, Sonipat, Haryana, India.
Manohar Prasad PrabhuDepartment of Academics and Research, Vivekananda Memorial Hospital, Swami Vivekananda Youth Movement, Sargur, Karnataka, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3088-2000
T K NagabharanaInstitute of Public Health Bengaluru, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Kumar Gavali SuryanarayanaDepartment of Academics and Research, Vivekananda Memorial Hospital, Swami Vivekananda Youth Movement, Sargur, Karnataka, India.
Ghattu V KrishnaveniEpidemiology Research Unit, CSI Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6532-8272
Stephen G MatthewsAlliance for Human Development, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Kalyanaraman KumaranDepartment of Academics and Research, Vivekananda Memorial Hospital, Swami Vivekananda Youth Movement, Sargur, Karnataka, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-8608

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionIn 2021, globally, cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) accounted for 35% of the 1.73 billion disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributed to non-communicable diseases. The Healthy Life Trajectories Initiative (HeLTI), a four-country randomised controlled trial based on the developmental origins of health and disease(DOHaD) concept, evaluates whether integrated longitudinal public health interventions started prepregnancy reduce the risk of childhood adiposity and, consequently, the development of CMDs in the offspring. This paper presents the protocol for the economic evaluation of the interventions in the Indian arm of HeLTI. The aim is to facilitate the translation of effective and affordable preventive strategies that mitigate the health, social and economic burden of CMDs. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A within-trial economic evaluation will be conducted from provider, health system and societal perspectives. Costs will be identified using the activity-based costing method mapped onto a theory-of-change framework that attributes interventions to health outcomes. Costs will include both direct and indirect costs as well as capital and recurring costs. Cost data will be collected using project accounts, time-use tools, surveys and key informant interviews. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) will be estimated for the fat mass index, a measure of adiposity, the primary health outcome, at the fifth year of offspring. Cost-utility and cost-consequence results will be presented for health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and other secondary health outcomes, respectively, in mothers and offsprings. Sensitivity of the results to assumptions will be analysed and uncertainty intervals will be presented. Equity impact of the outcomes will be assessed using the social determinants of health framework. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study has been approved by the ethics committees of the lead local institutions, CSI Holdsworth Memorial Hospital (Ref CSIHMH/ERU2019/1) and Swami Vivekananda Youth Movement (Ref IRB 004/2020-21). Findings will be disseminated through scholarly articles, policy briefs, opinion pieces, conferences, interactive sessions with stakeholders and the HeLTI website. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN20161479.

Indexed as

Public HealthCost-Benefit AnalysisCost-Effectiveness AnalysisDevelopmental Origins of Health and DiseaseDisability-Adjusted Life YearsFemaleHumansPregnancyResearch DesignCardiovascular DiseaseHealth Care CostsHEALTH ECONOMICSPregnancy

Identifiers

PMID42379707
PMCPMC13331103

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.