ReviewCanadian prosthetics & orthotics journal2026
Muscle morphology and function following a transfemoral amputation: A systematic review.
Review in Canadian prosthetics & orthotics journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundRestoring function and mobility after transfemoral amputation (TFA) is crucial for prosthesis use and heavily relies on muscle morphology and function in the residual limb. After amputation, the loss of distal muscle insertions alters morphology and might impair (muscle) functioning.
objectiveTo provide a comprehensive and critically appraised overview of the existing evidence on muscle morphology and function of the residual limb following TFA. METHODOLOGY: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL, including articles published up to September 15, 2025. Language was restricted to English, Dutch and German. Articles were eligible if they included individuals with a TFA and objectively measured outcomes related to muscle morphology and/or function. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist and the review followed the PRISMA guidelines.
resultsOut of 1832 identified articles, 24 met the inclusion criteria. Eight articles reported outcomes related to muscle morphology while sixteen articles reported outcomes on muscle function. All articles assessing muscle volume and cross-sectional area reported reductions in most residual-limb muscle groups compared to the intact limb. Across articles assessing muscle function, the residual limb generated reduced hip flexion, extension, and abduction torques compared to the intact and/or control limb, while adduction torque diminished only at lower isokinetic speeds. The magnitude of alterations varied greatly between articles. No article investigated both muscle morphology and function. Therefore, the interrelationship between these outcomes could not be determined.
conclusionThe literature shows that muscle morphology and function are significantly altered in the residual limb following TFA, although reported effects vary across articles and muscle groups. Study heterogeneity limited exploration of factors that could account for this variation. This needs future study. Future research also should combine assessments of muscle morphology and function to better understand these variations.
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