ArticleCurrent opinion in physiology2026
Mammary gland development and function in maternal obesity and gestational diabetes.
Article in Current opinion in physiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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3 authors.
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Abstract
The mammary gland undergoes dynamic structural and functional remodeling during pregnancy to prepare for lactogenesis, driven by cellular signaling, immune interactions, and microenvironmental cues, including those from adipocytes. In maternal obesity, clinical data indicate that these patients often experience poor breastfeeding outcomes. The causes are multifactorial, but one contributing factor is impaired mammary gland development and function. The mechanisms underlying poor lactation outcomes resulting from obesity-induced mammary gland dysfunction remain poorly understood. To date, there are no FDA-approved galactagogues, which are milk production-promoting medications, highlighting a lack of treatments and understanding of functional lactation biology. In this review, we examine current literature on mammary gland development and dysfunction with a particular focus on the effects of maternal obesity during pregnancy and lactation.
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