Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42382756›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026

Calibrating microglia states in Alzheimer's disease: decoding immune-metabolic networks and nano-targeted multicomponent therapies.

Jin Feng Xing, Kaijin Mu, Xue Yan, Xu Yang, Dongnan Zhang, Wanning Gao, Tengyue Zhang, Shuangying Yang, Runze Wang, Weimin Zhang and 1 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Jin Feng Xing *School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
Kaijin Mu *Brain Disease Center, Rehabilitation Department, The Third Affiliated Clinical Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
Xue YanBrain Disease Center, The Third Affiliated Clinical Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
Xu YangBrain Disease Center, The Third Affiliated Clinical Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
Dongnan ZhangBrain Disease Center, Rehabilitation Department, The Third Affiliated Clinical Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
Wanning GaoCollege of Basic Medical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
Tengyue ZhangSchool of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
Shuangying YangSchool of Rehabilitation Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
Runze WangSchool of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
Weimin ZhangBrain Disease Center, The Third Affiliated Clinical Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
Yilong ZhuKey Laboratory of Jilin Province for Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, College of Integrative Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease treatment is shifting from pathology removal to regulating the brain microenvironment. Anti-Aβ monoclonal antibodies, such as lecanemab and donanemab, provide statistically significant disease-modifying effects but offer only modest cognitive improvement and pose safety risks, including amyloid-related imaging abnormalities. These results show that amyloid clearance is clinically relevant but not sufficient for full restoration of neuroimmune, metabolic, synaptic, and neurovascular balance. Microglia are now seen as central to Alzheimer's disease susceptibility and progression, existing along dynamic, spatially organized, sex-influenced, and genetically determined continua beyond a simple pro- or anti-inflammatory state. This review calls out three key drivers of microglial dysfunction: the TREM2-APOE lipid-sensing axis, complement-mediated synaptic elimination, and immunometabolic reprogramming-including glycolysis, mitochondrial damage, autophagy failure, NAD+ depletion, and innate immune signaling. We examine natural bioactive compounds, metabolic modulators, and biomimetic nanodelivery as promising, yet currently unproven, strategies for adjusting microglial state. Future therapies should incorporate both pathology removal and microenvironment protection, tailored by disease stage, genetic profile, sex, vascular risk, and microglial state-associated biomarkers.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseMicrogliaAmyloid beta-PeptidesAnimalsHumansMetabolic Networks and PathwaysAmyloid beta-PeptidesAlzheimer’s diseaseAPOE ϵ4complement cascadeimmunometabolismmicrogliananomedicineTREM2

Identifiers

PMID42382756
PMCPMC13314446

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.