Evidence mapPaperPMID 42388857Full record

ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2026

A longitudinal qualitative study on the experiences and needs of women with gestational diabetes regarding blood glucose management using a journey map.

Qiong Gao, Yuxia Yang, Lili Zhu, Cimei Li, Fuqin Zhang, Minghao Zhang

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Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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6 authors.

Qiong GaoDelivery Room, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
Yuxia YangDepartment of Reproductive Medicine, Xinxiang Central Hospital; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Lifecycle Health Management and Humanistic Care Xinxiang, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
Lili ZhuSchool of Nursing, Henan Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
Cimei LiDepartment of Obstetrics, East District Hospital, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
Fuqin ZhangDelivery Room, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
Minghao ZhangSchool of Nursing, Henan Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.

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6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy-related metabolic disorder that increases risks of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, as well as long-term type 2 diabetes. Effective glycemic management requires addressing women's dynamic experiences and needs across pregnancy and the postpartum period. However, current evidence lacks longitudinal insights into patients' real-world experiences and unmet needs in glycemic self-management. This study aimed to explore the longitudinal experiences and needs of women with GDM regarding blood glucose management using a patient journey mapping approach, to inform person-centered care models and improve self-management outcomes. Methods: A longitudinal qualitative design was conducted. Eighteen women with GDM were recruited from a tertiary hospital in Xinxiang, China, between September 2025 and March 2026. Semi-structured interviews were performed at three time points: diagnosis (24-28 weeks' gestation), antenatal follow-up (3 months post-diagnosis), and postpartum follow-up (6 months post-diagnosis). Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis, and a patient journey map was constructed covering tasks, pain points, and emotional dimensions. Results: Nineteen themes and subthemes emerged across three phases. During the diagnostic phase, women experienced emotional distress, knowledge gaps, and lifestyle adaptation difficulties. In the antenatal phase, self-management behaviors became internalized, accompanied by persistent vigilance, fatigue, and declining social support. Postpartum, women faced self-management burnout, role conflicts, and challenges in long-term glycemic control. The journey map visually depicted dynamic changes in emotions, tasks, and pain points throughout the continuum. Discussion: Glycemic management in GDM is phased and long-term, characterized by evolving experiences and needs. A tiered, nurse-led healthcare system integrating family support and

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseDiabetes, GestationalGlycemic ControlSelf-ManagementAdultChinaFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesPostpartum PeriodPregnancyQualitative ResearchBlood Glucosegestational diabeteslongitudinal qualitative studynursingpatient journey mapself-management

Identifiers

PMID42388857
PMCPMC13318743

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