ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2026
Dose-dependent protective effects of theophylline on testicular endocrine function in a rat model of ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Testicular torsion (TT) induces ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) damage, frequently resulting in inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and compromised spermatogenesis. This study investigated the potential therapeutic role of theophylline-a methylxanthine with established antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties-on testicular I/R outcomes in a rat model. Methods: Thirty-two pubertal Wistar-Albino rats were categorized into four cohorts (n=8 per group): Control, I/R, and I/R treated with either 10 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg theophylline. Results: While plasma biochemical markers (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), glutathione, myeloperoxidase, ischemia-modified albumin, inhibin B, caspase-3, and testosterone) and histopathological Johnsen tubular biopsy scores remained statistically comparable across groups, significant intergroup variations were observed in testicular tissue TNF-α (p = 0.017), testicular testosterone (p = 0.003), and Cosentino histopathological grades (p < 0.05).Although high-dose theophylline showed a downward trend in tissue TNF-α, this specific pairwise difference did not reach statistical significance. Discussion: These results indicate that while acute structural protection was limited within a 4-hour reperfusion window, high-dose theophylline demonstrates a promising capacity to preserve testicular testosterone levels and modulate local inflammatory markers. This suggests a dose-dependent supportive effect on Leydig cell function and endocrine recovery following ischemic insult.
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