Evidence mapPaperPMID 42389285Full record

ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2026

Dose-dependent protective effects of theophylline on testicular endocrine function in a rat model of ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Duygu Demiriz Gulmez, Alparslan Apan, Ozgun Cuvas Apan, Murat Usta, Esma Cinar

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Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Duygu Demiriz GulmezDepartment of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, University of Health Sciences Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye.
Alparslan ApanDepartment of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Giresun University School of Medicine, Giresun, Türkiye.
Ozgun Cuvas ApanDepartment of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Giresun University School of Medicine, Giresun, Türkiye.
Murat UstaDepartment of Biochemistry, Giresun University School of Medicine, Giresun, Türkiye.
Esma CinarDepartment of Pathology, Giresun University School of Medicine, Giresun, Türkiye.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Testicular torsion (TT) induces ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) damage, frequently resulting in inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and compromised spermatogenesis. This study investigated the potential therapeutic role of theophylline-a methylxanthine with established antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties-on testicular I/R outcomes in a rat model. Methods: Thirty-two pubertal Wistar-Albino rats were categorized into four cohorts (n=8 per group): Control, I/R, and I/R treated with either 10 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg theophylline. Results: While plasma biochemical markers (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), glutathione, myeloperoxidase, ischemia-modified albumin, inhibin B, caspase-3, and testosterone) and histopathological Johnsen tubular biopsy scores remained statistically comparable across groups, significant intergroup variations were observed in testicular tissue TNF-α (p = 0.017), testicular testosterone (p = 0.003), and Cosentino histopathological grades (p < 0.05).Although high-dose theophylline showed a downward trend in tissue TNF-α, this specific pairwise difference did not reach statistical significance. Discussion: These results indicate that while acute structural protection was limited within a 4-hour reperfusion window, high-dose theophylline demonstrates a promising capacity to preserve testicular testosterone levels and modulate local inflammatory markers. This suggests a dose-dependent supportive effect on Leydig cell function and endocrine recovery following ischemic insult.

Indexed as

ischemia–reperfusion injuryrat modeltesticular torsiontestosteronetheophyllineTNF-α

Identifiers

PMID42389285
PMCPMC13318581

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.