Evidence mapPaperPMID 42389422Full record

ArticleAddictive behaviors reports2026

A randomized double-blind sham-controlled preliminary study of a 5-week protocol of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for gambling disorder in Indonesia.

Kristiana Siste, Lee Thung Sen, Belinda Julivia Murtani, Enjeline Hanafi, Kevin Surya Kusuma, Astria Aryani, Christopher Tan, Fitri Dona Nainggolan, Nur Aida, Yunyun Setiawan

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Article in Addictive behaviors reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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2 · The registry

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Kristiana SisteDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Lee Thung SenDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Belinda Julivia MurtaniDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Enjeline HanafiDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Kevin Surya KusumaDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Astria AryaniDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Christopher TanDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Fitri Dona NainggolanDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Nur AidaDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Yunyun SetiawanDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Gambling disorder (GD) has increased in prevalence particularly in Indonesia where online gambling predominates. Gambling harm may involve not only individuals with GD but also their significant others. This preliminary study aims to investigate the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in conjunction with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) compared to sham rTMS with CBT in treating individuals with GD. Twenty seven participants diagnosed with GD were randomly assigned to receive either active or sham rTMS over five weeks, alongside a standardized CBT program. Outcomes were assessed at multiple time points using various standardized measures. This protocol was safe and well-tolerated, with minimal adverse events (adverse event rate: 7.2%). Both groups displayed significant reductions in gambling symptoms measured by the Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale. However, no significant differences were observed between the active and sham rTMS groups. The active rTMS group demonstrated faster reductions in gambling craving [B: 2.63 (95% CI 0.55 to 4.70), p: 0.015] and gambling-related cognition, particularly in the domains of gambling expectancies [B: 1.84 (95% CI 0.98 to 2.71),

Indexed as

Behavioral addictionCognitive biasNeuromodulationPsychotherapyUrge

Identifiers

PMID42389422
PMCPMC13321249

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.