Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42390577›Full record

ArticleSurgery today2026

Accelerated use of artificial intelligence-associated vocabulary in Japanese surgical journals after 2023.

Sota Nakamura, Kazuhiro Tada, Yo-Ichi Yamashita, Naotaka Inomata, Kazuhito Sakata, Kensaku Ito, Yosuke Kuroda, Fumitaka Yoshizumi, Hidenori Kouso, Kentaro Iwaki and 4 more

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Article in Surgery today, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Sota NakamuraDepartment of Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Oita Hospital, 3-2-37 Chiyomachi, Oita-shi, 870-0033, Oita, Japan. poko1429531@gmail.com.
Kazuhiro TadaDepartment of Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Oita Hospital, 3-2-37 Chiyomachi, Oita-shi, 870-0033, Oita, Japan.
Yo-Ichi YamashitaDepartment of Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Oita Hospital, 3-2-37 Chiyomachi, Oita-shi, 870-0033, Oita, Japan.
Naotaka InomataDepartment of Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Oita Hospital, 3-2-37 Chiyomachi, Oita-shi, 870-0033, Oita, Japan.
Kazuhito SakataDepartment of Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Oita Hospital, 3-2-37 Chiyomachi, Oita-shi, 870-0033, Oita, Japan.
Kensaku ItoDepartment of Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Oita Hospital, 3-2-37 Chiyomachi, Oita-shi, 870-0033, Oita, Japan.
Yosuke KurodaDepartment of Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Oita Hospital, 3-2-37 Chiyomachi, Oita-shi, 870-0033, Oita, Japan.
Fumitaka YoshizumiDepartment of Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Oita Hospital, 3-2-37 Chiyomachi, Oita-shi, 870-0033, Oita, Japan.
Hidenori KousoDepartment of Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Oita Hospital, 3-2-37 Chiyomachi, Oita-shi, 870-0033, Oita, Japan.
Kentaro IwakiDepartment of Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Oita Hospital, 3-2-37 Chiyomachi, Oita-shi, 870-0033, Oita, Japan.
Shoji HiroshigeDepartment of Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Oita Hospital, 3-2-37 Chiyomachi, Oita-shi, 870-0033, Oita, Japan.
Hideya TakeuchiDepartment of Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Oita Hospital, 3-2-37 Chiyomachi, Oita-shi, 870-0033, Oita, Japan.
Kengo FukuzawaDepartment of Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Oita Hospital, 3-2-37 Chiyomachi, Oita-shi, 870-0033, Oita, Japan.
Tomoharu YoshizumiDepartment of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, 812-8582, Fukuoka, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe increased use of artificial intelligence (AI)-based writing tools may influence academic writing styles. This study aimed to evaluate changes in writing styles in Japanese surgical journals using quantitative time-series analysis.

methodsWe analyzed articles published between 2015 and 2025 in Surgery Today and Surgical Case Reports. The writing style was quantified using predefined lexical sets for rare and common AI-related words and promotional words. The word density was calculated for each article separately. We conducted interrupted time-series analyses with 2023 as the intervention year. Observed post-2023 values were compared with the expected values based on pre-2023 trends.

resultsRare-word density showed a marked post-2023 increase, with a significant change in slope (β = 1.05 per year, 95% CI: 1.01-1.10, p < 0.001). The common-word density also increased after 2023 (β = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.46-0.51; p < 0.001). Promotional word density showed a smaller but statistically significant increase in the post-2023 slope (β = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.24-0.44; p < 0.001). For all three measures, the observed post-2023 values exceeded the expected values that were extrapolated from the pre-2023 trends.

conclusionPost-2023, the increase in AI-associated lexical marker use in Japanese surgical journals showed accelerated growth compared to the expected long-term trends.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceGeneral SurgeryPeriodicals as TopicVocabularyWritingHumansJapanTime FactorsArtificial intelligenceLexical analysisSurgical journalsWriting style

Identifiers

PMID42390577

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.