ArticleBMC public health2026
Private garden exposure and public park access in relation to type-2 diabetes incidence: a UK Biobank cohort study.
Article in BMC public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundExisting longitudinal studies examining the relationship between greenspace exposure and incidence of type-2 diabetes (T2D) have primarily operationalized greenspace using vegetation indices. Little is known about the effect of greenspace types (e.g., private gardens) and public park access.
methodsWe investigated the associations between residential greenspace exposure, including private gardens (determined using Ordnance Survey MasterMap™ Greenspace) and public park access, with the incidence of T2D using the UK Biobank (UKBB) data. Public park access, such as nearest distances (i.e., walkable road network and Euclidean), and the number of parks were calculated for each participant. The incidence of T2D was ascertained through linkage of hospital admissions data. Cox proportional hazard models, adjusting for covariates, were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We also performed stratified analyses by age, sex, neighbourhood deprivation, and family history of diabetes.
resultsOf the 423,282 UKBB participants (mean age:56.36 years) included in the study, 19,648 developed T2D over a median follow-up of 15.41 years. Compared to the first quartile, participants in the highest quartile of private garden cover (%) had a reduced risk of T2D (HR: 0.932; 95%CI: 0.88, 0.983). For park access, nearest distance (whether walkable or Euclidean) was not associated with the incidence of T2D. However, having a higher number of parks, particularly three or more parks within an 800-m buffer of the home location, was found to lower the incidence of T2D (HR: 0.943; 95% CI: 0.906, 0.981). Stratified analyses revealed that the beneficial effects of private gardens were stronger among participants in deprived areas and those without a family history of diabetes.
conclusionPrivate residential gardens exposure (often overlooked in greenspace-health research) and a higher number of parks around homes were found to lower the incidence of T2D. This has implications for urban planning and public health, particularly in the prevention and management of diabetes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.