ArticleWorld journal of experimental medicine2026
Comparison of ozone administration routes on liver, lung, and brain damage after spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Article in World journal of experimental medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundSpinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), which can occur as a result of temporary aortic occlusion during resection of thoracoabdominal aneurysms, can be an unpredictable and devastating complication of aortic surgery. There are no specific medications or guidelines for the prevention and treatment of spinal cord IRI (SCIRI). It is now known that IRI not only exacerbates local tissue damage when blood flow is restored but also affects distant organs, such as the liver, lungs, and brain, through mediators released into the systemic circulation. Studies show that ozone pretreatment reduces oxidative damage by increasing antioxidant capacity, promotes anti-inflammatory signaling, improves blood circulation, and ameliorates IRI. Our study is one of the first to examine the effects of ozone on remote organs (liver, lung, and brain) when administered
aimTo determine whether ozone administered by different routes offers multiorgan protection in SCIRI.
methodsThirty adult Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into five groups (
resultsLiver tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly lower, and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities were significantly higher in the IRRO, IRITO, and IRIPO groups than in the IR group. Histopathologically, we had favorable results from all three ozone applications compared to the IR group. Lung tissue MDA levels were significantly lower, and CAT enzyme activities were significantly higher in the IRITO and IRIPO groups than in the IR group. We had more positive results in the IRRO group than in the IR group, but the difference was not found to be significant. Histopathologically, we obtained significantly more positive results in the IRITO and IRIPO groups compared with the IR group regarding all the criteria we evaluated. Our results in the IRRO group were also positive. Brain tissue MDA levels were significantly lower and CAT enzyme activities significantly higher in the IRITO and IRIPO groups than in the IR group. We had positive results in the IRRO group compared with the IR group. Histopathologically, we obtained significantly more positive results in the IRITO group regarding all the criteria we evaluated.
conclusionWe observed histopathologically that single-dose ozone pretreatment administered intrathecally, intraperitoneally, or rectally had positive effects on liver, lung, and brain tissues compared to the IR group in an SCIRI model in rats due to its antioxidant effect. The best histopathological results were obtained with intrathecal, intraperitoneal, and rectally administered ozone, in that order, in all three tissues.
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