Evidence mapPaperPMID 42395190Full record

ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2026

Free water-mediated associations among choroid plexus enlargement, white matter lesions, and cognitive performance in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Ling Li, Peichun Pan, Jing Li, Min Tang, Dongsheng Zhang, Xiaoyan Lei, Xiaoling Zhang, Jie Gao

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ling Li *Department of MRI, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Peichun Pan *Department of Graduate, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China.
Jing LiDepartment of Graduate, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Min TangDepartment of MRI, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Dongsheng ZhangDepartment of MRI, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Xiaoyan LeiDepartment of MRI, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Xiaoling ZhangDepartment of MRI, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Jie GaoDepartment of MRI, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Recent studies indicate choroid plexus (CP) enlargement and glymphatic-related brain fluid changes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but how these alterations relate to white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and cognitive impairment in T2DM remains unclear. Methods: This study comprised a total of 104 patients diagnosed with T2DM along with 56 healthy controls, who underwent brain MRI and neuropsychological assessment. CP volume, free water (FW) fraction, perivascular space (PVS) volume, and WMH volumes were quantified. Within the T2DM group, the relationship among imaging markers, WMH burden and cognitive performance was examined using multivariable linear regression and mediation analyses. Results: The T2DM patients exhibited lower Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) scores and larger CP volume, FW fraction, PVS volume, and periventricular WMH (PWMH) volume than controls (all Conclusions: FW-related brain fluid alterations are associated with CP enlargement, periventricular white matter lesion burden, and processing speed performance in T2DM.

Indexed as

Choroid PlexusCognitionCognitive DysfunctionDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2WaterWhite MatterAgedCase-Control StudiesFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedNeuropsychological TestsWaterchoroid plexuscognitionfree watertype 2 diabetes mellituswhite matter

Identifiers

PMID42395190
PMCPMC13322795

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.