ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2026
Free water-mediated associations among choroid plexus enlargement, white matter lesions, and cognitive performance in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Recent studies indicate choroid plexus (CP) enlargement and glymphatic-related brain fluid changes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but how these alterations relate to white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and cognitive impairment in T2DM remains unclear. Methods: This study comprised a total of 104 patients diagnosed with T2DM along with 56 healthy controls, who underwent brain MRI and neuropsychological assessment. CP volume, free water (FW) fraction, perivascular space (PVS) volume, and WMH volumes were quantified. Within the T2DM group, the relationship among imaging markers, WMH burden and cognitive performance was examined using multivariable linear regression and mediation analyses. Results: The T2DM patients exhibited lower Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) scores and larger CP volume, FW fraction, PVS volume, and periventricular WMH (PWMH) volume than controls (all Conclusions: FW-related brain fluid alterations are associated with CP enlargement, periventricular white matter lesion burden, and processing speed performance in T2DM.
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