Evidence mapPaperPMID 42395274Full record

ArticleFrontiers in public health2026

The intervention effect of caffeine oral tablets on mental fatigue induced by nap deprivation: based on assessments of heart rate variability, cognitive performance and subjective fatigue-a pilot study.

Yong-Zheng Fan, Shuai-Yi Li, Xiao-Lei Lin, An-Na Zhang, Yu Wang, Ke-Feng Huang, Wen-Xian Song

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Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Yong-Zheng FanThe 991st Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of People's Liberation Army, Xiangyang, Hubei, China.
Shuai-Yi LiThe 991st Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of People's Liberation Army, Xiangyang, Hubei, China.
Xiao-Lei LinThe 991st Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of People's Liberation Army, Xiangyang, Hubei, China.
An-Na ZhangThe 991st Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of People's Liberation Army, Xiangyang, Hubei, China.
Yu WangThe 991st Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of People's Liberation Army, Xiangyang, Hubei, China.
Ke-Feng HuangThe 991st Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of People's Liberation Army, Xiangyang, Hubei, China.
Wen-Xian SongThe 991st Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of People's Liberation Army, Xiangyang, Hubei, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of inducing mental fatigue (MF) through nap deprivation, based on monitoring heart rate variability (HRV), cognitive performance, and subjective fatigue levels. Additionally, the intervention effect of caffeine oral tablets (COT) on MF was evaluated. Methods: This was an open-label, non-randomized, single-sequence crossover pilot study. The caffeine content in COT was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Ten healthy volunteers who habitually took naps were enrolled. Participants underwent nap deprivation to induce MF. Various parameters were collected at different time points, including the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), Attention Network Task (ANT), and HRV metrics. Changes in each parameter before and after COT intervention were analyzed. Results: Following nap deprivation, there was a significant increase in KSS scores for the control group compared to baseline measurements taken after 2 h of sleep deprivation ( Conclusions: In this pilot study, the alignment between subjective and objective indices suggests that low-dose COT is associated with favorable changes in the MF state of volunteers following sleep deprivation. However, due to the small sample size and open-label design, these findings should be considered preliminary and warrant confirmation in larger, randomized controlled trials.

Indexed as

CaffeineCentral Nervous System StimulantsCognitionHeart RateMental FatigueSleep DeprivationAdministration, OralAdultCross-Over StudiesFemaleHumansMalePilot ProjectsTabletsYoung AdultCaffeineCentral Nervous System StimulantsTabletsheart rate variabilitylow-dose caffeine oral tabletsmental fatiguenap deprivationpilot study

Identifiers

PMID42395274
PMCPMC13322884

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.