What are the optimal strategies to communicate the risk of poor air quality exposure to vulnerable groups?

Background: Ambient air pollution is a critical global health concern. Individuals living with preexisting health conditions in urban and/or deprived areas and ethnic minorities groups are at particular risk. The WHO Global Air Quality Guidelines have highlighted the importance of effectively communicating the risk of poor air quality exposure to vulnerable groups so they can take actions to protect themselves. This study explored the optimal strategies to communicate this risk to vulnerable groups. Methods: In-depth, semi-structured interviews and focus groups with participants ( Findings: We developed a theory- and evidence-based framework for communicating the health impacts of poor air quality. We identified key components of a communication strategy focussing on the need for: tailored information on risks and harms, a range of inclusive and actionable recommendations, and considerations around the source (healthcare-provider, peers) and channel of communication (SMS, community-based). Interpretation: This study provides novel insights from vulnerable demographic groups supporting the need for air quality information to be accessible, understandable and tailored. Communicating via trusted sources, e.g., healthcare professionals and/or community-based peer networks is important. Further research should explore the impact of interventions on behaviour change, particularly across vulnerable groups.