SynthesisFrontiers in medicine2026
Enhancing motor function after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of bioelectrical feedback interventions.
Synthesis in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability, with hemiplegia affecting approximately 80% of survivors. Conventional rehabilitation shows limited effectiveness, and electromyographic (EMG)-based bioelectrical feedback has emerged as a promising adjunctive therapy. Methods: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, and CNKI were searched from 1 January 2010 to 31 March 2025. Two researchers independently screened controlled clinical studies (randomized or non-randomized) evaluating EMG-based bioelectrical feedback for post-stroke hemiplegia. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool for randomized trials and ROBINS-I for non-randomized studies, with analyses performed in RevMan 5.3. For random-effects analyses with at least four contributing studies, 95% prediction intervals (PIs) were reported alongside 95% confidence intervals. Results: Eight studies comprising 549 patients (275 intervention, 274 control) were included. Bioelectrical feedback significantly improved total Fugl-Meyer Assessment scores [MD = 9.50, 95% CI (3.41, 15.60), Conclusion: EMG-based bioelectrical feedback may improve motor function and activities of daily living and may reduce complications in hemiplegic stroke patients. However, high heterogeneity, few pooled studies per outcome, geographic concentration, and inability to assess publication bias warrant cautious interpretation. Adequately powered randomized controlled trials with blinded outcome assessment are needed before firm clinical recommendations can be made.
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