Tri-modal nanocatalytic microenvironment regulations for macrophage reprogramming and osteoporotic fracture healing promotion.

Bo Yuan, Jia Fu, Yin Zhao, Gang Zheng, Han Lin, Xiongsheng Chen, Xiang Guo, Jianlin Shi

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Materials today. Bio, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Bo YuanDepartment of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China.

Jia FuDepartment of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.

Yin ZhaoDepartment of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China.

Gang ZhengDepartment of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.

Han LinState Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China.

Xiongsheng ChenDepartment of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China.

Xiang GuoDepartment of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.

Jianlin ShiState Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The clinical challenge of osteoporotic fracture healing is rooted in a hostile local microenvironment characterized by oxidative stress, hypoxia, and acidosis, which stalls regeneration by trapping macrophages in a pro-inflammatory, metabolically crippled state. Herein, we report an intelligent nanocatalytic medicine composed of a pH-responsive calcium-aluminum layered double hydroxide (CaAl-LDH) decorated with a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive manganese oxide (MnOx), denoted as CALM, for orthopedic implantation. This hierarchical system is designed to modulate key features of the "triple threat" microenvironment: the CaAl-LDH backbone dissolves in the local microenvironment to buffer the acidity, while the MnOx scavenges ROS and simultaneously generates therapeutic oxygen. This comprehensive microenvironment modulation supports mitochondrial function and drives the metabolic and phenotypic reprogramming of macrophages from a pro-inflammatory M1 to a pro-reparative M2 state. In a clinically relevant osteoporotic rat fracture model, the CALM coating significantly accelerated bone regeneration. Mechanistically, transcriptomic and protein-level analyses reveal that CALM exerts its immunomodulatory and osteogenic effects by activating the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway. This work presents a metabolically focused, nano-enabled strategy to break the cycle of non-union, offering a promising therapeutic platform for the treatment of osteoporotic fractures.

Indexed as

Macrophage polarizationMetabolic reprogrammingMitochondrial remodelingNanocatalytic medicineOsteoporotic fracture

Identifiers

PMID42396216

DOI10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103389

PMCPMC13324845

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.