Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42396346›Full record

ArticlemedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences2026

Genetic and maternal environmental contributions to estimated fetal weight at 20 weeks gestation compared with birthweight.

Rosie A Purdy, Jingxue Feng, Zhenyu Luo, Robin N Beaumont, Andrew T Hattersley, Jianrong He, Xiu Qiu, Rachel M Freathy, Alice E Hughes

Abstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Rosie A PurdyDepartment of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.ORCID 0009-0008-1488-9484
Jingxue FengDivision of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Zhenyu LuoDivision of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Robin N BeaumontDepartment of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Andrew T HattersleyDepartment of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Jianrong HeDivision of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Xiu QiuDivision of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Rachel M FreathyDepartment of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Alice E HughesDepartment of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.

Funding

Integrating genomic studies of gestational duration and birth weight to understand maternal and fetal causes of adverse pregnancy outcomes and links with later diseasesR01HD101669 · NICHD · CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR · PI FREATHY, RACHEL, JACOBSSON, BO · 2021 to 2024
$2.1M
NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD101669Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Birthweight reflects fetal growth from conception. The complications arising from the extremes of fetal growth are well known, but addressing these effectively depends on understanding how and when fetal growth is affected by various maternal and fetal factors. We aimed to compare associations of fetal genetic and maternal environmental factors with fetal weight mid-pregnancy and birthweight. Material and methods: We studied 3110 mother-child pairs from three population-based birth cohorts (UK and China). Estimated fetal weight at ~20 weeks gestation (EFW20) and birthweight were the outcomes of interest. Exposures were fetal genetic factors (fetal sex and fetal birthweight genetic score [BW GS]) and maternal factors (maternal BW GS, BMI, fasting plasma glucose [FPG], smoking, age, and parity). Associations were studied using multivariable linear regressions within cohorts and meta-analysed. Results: All exposures were associated with both EFW20 and birthweight, apart from maternal FPG and smoking which were associated with birthweight only. Male fetal sex and a higher maternal BW GS were consistently associated with higher EFW20 and birthweight, whereas the fetal BW GS, maternal FPG, BMI and smoking showed more marked associations later in pregnancy. Maternal age and parity showed directionally opposite associations with EFW20 and birthweight. Conclusions: Fetal genetic and maternal environmental factors vary in their effect on fetal growth in mid-pregnancy compared with late pregnancy. These findings contribute to our understanding of growth across pregnancy and may inform the timing of clinical monitoring of fetal growth and interventions targeting modifiable maternal factors.

Indexed as

birth weightFetal developmentgenetic risk scoregrowth and developmentpregnancy

Identifiers

PMID42396346
PMCPMC13320941

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.