Evidence mapPaperPMID 42396551Full record

ReviewCardiovascular endocrinology & metabolism2026

Effectiveness of plasma atherogenic index as a predictor of cardiovascular risk in patients with metabolic syndrome and related cardiometabolic conditions: a systematic review.

Mohammed Essam Shaybah, Ghezlan Talal Alenezi, Mohammed Mubarak Alqahtani, Abdulmajeed Saeed Yamaniey, Hasan Hussain Al Farhan, Abdullah Kamal Muslmani, Nada Mohammed Alghamdi, Leen Essam Almahmoud, Juman Omar Alammar, Reem Salem Bajaman and 5 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cardiovascular endocrinology & metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Mohammed Essam ShaybahCollege of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah.
Ghezlan Talal AleneziCollege of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
Mohammed Mubarak AlqahtaniCollege of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj.
Abdulmajeed Saeed YamanieyCollege of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah.
Hasan Hussain Al FarhanCollege of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah.
Abdullah Kamal MuslmaniCollege of Medicine, Sinnar University, Sudan.
Nada Mohammed AlghamdiCollege of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina.
Leen Essam AlmahmoudCollege of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah.
Juman Omar AlammarCollege of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh.
Reem Salem BajamanCollege of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah.
Hanin Saleh AlhawasCollege of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah.
Rahaf Jaber AlnefaieFaculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University.
Thamer AlharthyFaculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University.
Turky Abdullah AlharthyCollege of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah.
Hussam Ehmid Abu MousaConsultant in Internal Medicine and Head Department of Internal Medicine, Kingdom Medicine Medical Center, Mecca, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome represent escalating global health challenges characterized by complex lipid derangements. While traditional lipid panels are standard, the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) has emerged as a potentially superior marker for capturing the presence of small, dense low-density lipoprotein particles and overall cardiovascular risk. This systematic review evaluates the prognostic value and longitudinal risk prediction of AIP in patients with MetS and related metabolic disorders. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a systematic search was conducted across PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science through January 2026. Nine high-quality studies encompassing 197 279 patients were identified. Synthesis of the evidence consistently demonstrates that elevated baseline AIP is consistently and independently associated with major adverse cardiovascular events (hazard ratio: 1.07-1.19), acute myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular death. Longitudinal data reveal that cumulative AIP exposure significantly increases stroke risk (hazard ratio: 2.49) and coronary heart disease. Notably, in patients with diabetic kidney disease, a nonlinear 'U-shaped' association was identified, with a critical inflection point at 0.14, suggesting that both excessively high and low AIP levels correlate with increased mortality. AIP is an accessible and promising biomarker that warrants further comparative validation in predicting long-term cardiometabolic progression. These findings support further evaluation of AIP's role in clinical risk stratification, pending prospective validation and establishment of standardized thresholds across population subgroups.

Indexed as

Atherogenic index of plasmacardiovascular riskdyslipidemiamajor adverse cardiovascular eventsmetabolic syndrome

Identifiers

PMID42396551
PMCPMC13327390

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.