Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42397559›Full record

ArticleSurgery today2026

Self-reported harassment during Japanese surgical residency: secondary analysis of a nationwide survey of newly board-certified surgeons.

Masayuki Fukumoto, Saseem Poudel, Takahiro Korai, Daisuke Koike, Yoshiyuki Kiyasu, Jun Watanabe, Yoshiko Yamaoka-Fujikawa, Atsushi Tanikawa, Takashi Kohmura, Sonoko Ishida and 4 more

Abstract read
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Article in Surgery today, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Masayuki FukumotoJapan Surgical Society Education Committee, Japan Surgical Society, Tokyo, Japan.
Saseem PoudelJapan Surgical Society Education Committee, Japan Surgical Society, Tokyo, Japan. saseem@gmail.com.
Takahiro KoraiJapan Surgical Society Education Committee, Japan Surgical Society, Tokyo, Japan.
Daisuke KoikeJapan Surgical Society Education Committee, Japan Surgical Society, Tokyo, Japan.
Yoshiyuki KiyasuJapan Surgical Society Education Committee, Japan Surgical Society, Tokyo, Japan.
Jun WatanabeJapan Surgical Society Education Committee, Japan Surgical Society, Tokyo, Japan.
Yoshiko Yamaoka-FujikawaJapan Surgical Society Education Committee, Japan Surgical Society, Tokyo, Japan.
Atsushi TanikawaJapan Surgical Society Education Committee, Japan Surgical Society, Tokyo, Japan.
Takashi KohmuraJapan Surgical Society Education Committee, Japan Surgical Society, Tokyo, Japan.
Sonoko IshidaJapan Surgical Society Education Committee, Japan Surgical Society, Tokyo, Japan.
Chiaki SudaJapan Surgical Society Education Committee, Japan Surgical Society, Tokyo, Japan.
Mitsue SaitoJapan Surgical Society Education Committee, Japan Surgical Society, Tokyo, Japan.
Norihiko IkedaJapan Surgical Society, Tokyo, Japan.
Akinobu TaketomiJapan Surgical Society, Tokyo, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo assess the prevalence of self-reported harassment during surgical residency in Japan, identify independent risk factors, and examine its impact on early career intentions among newly board-certified surgeons.

methodsWe conducted a prespecified secondary analysis of a 2023 nationwide survey of surgeons certified between 2021 and 2022 (N = 1410). Respondents answering "Yes" to the perceived harassment item were assigned to the harassment group, while those answering "No" constituted the control; respondents selecting "Prefer not to answer" were excluded from this prespecified secondary analysis to avoid interpretive ambiguity. Complete‑case multivariable logistic regression produced adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for trainee, program, and workload level correlates.

resultsAmong the respondents, 304 (41.5%) reported harassment by instructors. In the multivariable model, low instructor teaching ability (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.75; 95% CI] 1.72-4.41) and overtime > 80 h/month (aOR 2.28; 95% CI 1.57-3.30) were the primary factors independently associated with self-reported harassment. Furthermore, experiencing harassment was significantly associated with overall program dissatisfaction, lack of intention to return to the training institution, and a higher likelihood of dropping out (p < 0.001).

conclusionsSelf-reported harassment experiences are associated with an excessive workload and unsatisfactory surgical instruction, threatening trainee retention. Duty hour limits, instructor education, and confidential reporting systems should therefore be prioritized.

Indexed as

General SurgeryHarassment, Non-SexualInternship and ResidencySelf ReportSocial BehaviorSurgeonsAdultEast Asian PeopleFemaleHumansJapanMalePrevalenceRisk FactorsSurveys and QuestionnairesWorkloadHarassmentSurgical educationSurgical residentsTrainee retentionWorkload

Identifiers

PMID42397559

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.