Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42397572›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of nutrition2026

Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, non-sugar sweetened beverages, and their substitution and risk of type 2 diabetes: the HELIUS study.

Sara Beigrezaei, Juliana Alexandra Hernández Vargas, Hamidreza Raeisi-Dehkordi, Lara Anne Bridge, Angeline Chatelan, Taulant Muka, Henrike Galenkamp, Barbora De Courten, Bert-Jan H van den Born, Karien Stronks and 3 more

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In one paragraph

Article in European journal of nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Sara BeigrezaeiDepartment of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. S.Beigrezaei@umcutrecht.nl.
Juliana Alexandra Hernández VargasDepartment of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
Hamidreza Raeisi-DehkordiDepartment of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
Lara Anne BridgeDepartment of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
Angeline ChatelanDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland.
Taulant MukaEpistudia, Bern, Switzerland.
Henrike GalenkampDepartment of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam Zuidoost, Netherlands.
Barbora De CourtenDepartment of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
Bert-Jan H van den BornDepartment of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam Zuidoost, Netherlands.
Karien StronksDepartment of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam Zuidoost, Netherlands.
Amin Salehi-Abargouei, Nutrition Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Mary NicolaouDepartment of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam Zuidoost, Netherlands.
Oscar H FrancoDepartment of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.

Funding

Swiss National Science Foundation SNSF IZSTZ0_190277
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe association between non-sugar-sweetened beverages (NSSB), as a suitable alternative for sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between the intake of SSB and NSSB, their substitutions with each other, and T2D risk.

methodsWe used a sub-sample of adults aged 18-70 years from the Healthy Life in an Urban Setting (HELIUS) study. Dietary data was assessed using ethnic-specific food frequency questionnaires. Multivariable-adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for T2D risk for SSB and NSSB and their substitutions of one serving (250 ml)/day were estimated using Poisson models.

resultsAmong the 2612 participants included, 141 incident cases of T2D were identified. After multivariable adjustment, higher NSSB intake was associated with an increased risk of T2D in the overall population (IRR

conclusionThese findings suggest that replacing SSBs with NSSBs may not confer a metabolic benefit and may be associated with a higher risk of T2D in specific subgroups. Further research is needed to clarify the mechanisms and subgroup-specific factors underlying these associations.

Indexed as

BeveragesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Sugar-Sweetened BeveragesAdolescentAdultAgedFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedNetherlandsRisk FactorsYoung AdultArtificially sweetened beveragesCohort studiesReplacementSubstitution analysisSugar-sweetened beveragesType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID42397572
PMCPMC13331891

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.