ArticleNature medicine2026
Generalizable AI predicts immunotherapy outcomes across cancers and treatments.
Article in Nature medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- TSTScope Unifies Single-Cell Multi-Omics to Identify Functional T Cell States Predictive of Immunotherapy Response.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Targeting TOMM40 unleashes immunogenic mitophagy to facilitate antigen presentation and immunotherapy sensitization.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a standard treatment across cancers, yet most patients do not respond, and existing biomarkers generalize poorly across tumor types and therapies. Here we present COMPASS, a pan-cancer foundation model that predicts immunotherapy response from bulk tumor transcriptomes using a concept bottleneck transformer. COMPASS encodes gene expression through 44 biologically grounded immune concepts representing immune cell states, tumor-microenvironment interaction and signaling pathways. Trained on 10,184 tumors across 33 cancer types, COMPASS achieves better average performance than 22 methods across 16 clinical cohorts spanning seven cancers and six ICIs, improving accuracy by 8.5% and area under the precision-recall curve by 15.7% on average across cohorts. COMPASS generalizes to cancer types and treatments not represented during fine-tuning and may inform indication selection and patient stratification. In survival analyses, patients classified by COMPASS as responders had longer overall survival (hazard ratio = 4.7, P < 0.0001). Personalized response maps connect gene expression to immune concepts, identifying programs associated with response and resistance; in immune-inflamed non-responders, COMPASS highlights programs including TGFβ signaling, endothelial exclusion, CD4
Indexed as
Identifiers
42399673What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.