ArticleBMC nephrology2026
Post-transplant diabetes mellitus in Sudanese kidney transplant recipients: determinants and clinical outcomes from a retrospective cohort study.
Article in BMC nephrology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundPost-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a common metabolic complication after kidney transplantation and has been linked to adverse long-term outcomes. Evidence from sub-Saharan Africa remains limited. This study assessed the frequency, associated factors, and post-transplant outcomes of PTDM in a Sudanese kidney transplant cohort.
methodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted among adult kidney transplant recipients followed at Dr Salma Centre for Kidney Diseases, Khartoum, Sudan. Recipients with documented pre-transplant diabetes were excluded from the PTDM analytic risk set. Clinical, transplant-related, treatment-related, and follow-up outcome variables were evaluated according to PTDM status. Factors associated with PTDM were examined using multivariable logistic regression, and associations between PTDM and post-transplant outcomes were assessed using modified Poisson regression with robust variance.
resultsAfter exclusion of 152 recipients with pre-transplant diabetes, 640 recipients were included in the PTDM analytic cohort. PTDM was diagnosed during follow-up in 336 recipients (52.5%). After multivariable adjustment, higher odds of PTDM were observed for recipients older than 50 years at transplantation (OR 2.48, 95% CI 1.47-4.18), those with obesity (OR 3.12, 95% CI 1.76-5.53), pre-transplant ischemic heart disease (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.03-2.43), tacrolimus-based therapy (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.07-2.77), and maintenance corticosteroid exposure > 10 mg/day (OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.13-4.72). The estimate for dialysis duration > 30 months was weaker and did not reach conventional statistical significance (OR 1.41, 95% CI 0.97-2.06). PTDM was associated with a higher occurrence of post-transplant hypertension (RR 9.72), cardiovascular events (RR 6.18), dyslipidemia (RR 2.84), and infectious complications (RR 1.42). Graft failure and all-cause mortality were not statistically significant after adjustment.
conclusionsPTDM was frequently observed in this cohort and coincided with a higher burden of metabolic, cardiovascular, and infection-related outcomes. Future prospective studies using uniform PTDM screening and well-defined event dates are needed to clarify these relationships. CLINICAL
trial registrationNot applicable. This was a retrospective observational study using routinely collected clinical and follow-up data.
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