Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42401911›Full record

ReviewCell communication and signaling : CCS2026

Sex differences in non-reproductive cancers: mechanistic roles of sex-hormone signaling.

Jingsheng Xu, Xinyu Zhang, Zhenyu Li, Siqi Li, Anhui Ning, Dingding Li, Minjie Chu, Haiyan Gong

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Cell communication and signaling : CCS, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Jingsheng Xu *Affiliated Qidong Hospital of Nantong University, Qidong People's Hospital, Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Nantong, China.
Xinyu Zhang *Institute for Applied Research in Public Health, Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions for Advanced Medical Analytics and Public Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
Zhenyu LiInstitute for Applied Research in Public Health, Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions for Advanced Medical Analytics and Public Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
Siqi LiInstitute for Applied Research in Public Health, Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions for Advanced Medical Analytics and Public Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
Anhui NingInstitute for Applied Research in Public Health, Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions for Advanced Medical Analytics and Public Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
Dingding LiInstitute for Applied Research in Public Health, Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions for Advanced Medical Analytics and Public Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
Minjie ChuInstitute for Applied Research in Public Health, Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions for Advanced Medical Analytics and Public Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China. chuminjie@ntu.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7533-9119
Haiyan GongAffiliated Qidong Hospital of Nantong University, Qidong People's Hospital, Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Nantong, China. gonghaiyanqd@foxmail.com.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 82273715the scientific research projects of Jiangsu commission of health M2024094
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sex differences in the incidence and outcomes of non-reproductive cancers persist across many tumor types, even after adjustment for major exposure- and care-related factors. This review examines how sex-hormone signaling may contribute to these patterns through tumor-intrinsic mechanisms and regulation of the tumor microenvironment. In tumor cells, ER, AR and PR mediate classical nuclear transcriptional programs, whereas membrane-associated or cytoplasmic receptor pools, together with GPER, support rapid non-genomic signaling through PI3K/AKT, MAPK/ERK and related kinase or second-messenger pathways. Intratumoral steroid handling can create local ligand conditions that differ from circulating hormone levels and modify context-specific receptor activity. Hormonal context may also influence vascular, stromal and immune phenotypes. Clinically, sex-hormone-related tumor states may be better captured by integrated activity-based readouts, including receptor status, pathway activation, local steroid availability and immune context, rather than receptor immunostaining alone. Overall, sex-hormone signaling offers a hypothesis-generating framework for understanding sex-biased tumor biology beyond traditional hormone-driven cancers, but its clinical relevance requires further mechanistic and prospective validation.

Indexed as

Gonadal Steroid HormonesNeoplasmsSex CharacteristicsSignal TransductionAnimalsFemaleHumansTumor MicroenvironmentGonadal Steroid HormonesFunctional hormone dependenceNon-reproductive cancersSex differencesSex hormonesTumor microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID42401911
PMCPMC13617795

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.