ArticleFrontiers in plant science2026
Untargeted metabolomics reveals the metabolic basis of sugar-acid balance and quality differentiation in melon.
Article in Frontiers in plant science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Melon fruit quality is shaped by the combined effects of sugar-acid composition, texture, antioxidant-related traits, and diverse soluble metabolites. In this study, two tropical netted melon accessions with a close genetic background but contrasting quality-related phenotypes-melon 109 and its sister line 108 (CK)-were compared. Physicochemical analysis, antioxidant-related assays, and untargeted UPLC-MS/MS metabolomics were used. Melon 109 showed higher flesh firmness, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, and antioxidant-related enzyme activities, but a lower sugar-acid ratio and malondialdehyde content than CK. Untargeted metabolomics detected 2101 metabolites and identified 246 differential metabolites, including 146 upregulated and 100 downregulated metabolites in melon 109. These differential metabolites included carbohydrate-related derivatives, organic-acid-related compounds, amino-acid-derived metabolites, and specialized metabolites, suggesting that quality differentiation was not driven solely by simple sugars or individual organic acids. KEGG enrichment analysis further highlighted amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, biosynthesis of nucleotide sugars, and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis. These pathways may provide putative pathway-level clues related to sugar-derived metabolism, nucleotide-sugar-associated structural metabolism, terpenoid precursor metabolism, and antioxidant-related quality traits. Overall, this study suggests coordinated metabolic remodeling associated with the distinctive quality profile of melon 109 and provides candidate metabolite classes and pathway-level information for quality-oriented melon breeding.
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