Evidence mapPaperPMID 42403545Full record

ReviewInternational journal of nanomedicine2026

Delivery of TCM Monomers Using Blood Cell Membrane Coated Biomimetic Nanoparticles to Target CVD.

Jia-Qi Xi, Jia-Qi Zhang, Yuan-Jia-Yi Shen, Zhou-Yu Nie, Yang Shen, Yong-Bing Cao, Li-Chao Zhang, Ling Li

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of nanomedicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Jia-Qi Xi *Institute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM- Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200082, People's Republic of China.
Jia-Qi Zhang *Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, People's Republic of China.
Yuan-Jia-Yi ShenInstitute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM- Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200082, People's Republic of China.
Zhou-Yu NieInstitute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM- Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200082, People's Republic of China.
Yang ShenInstitute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM- Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200082, People's Republic of China.
Yong-Bing CaoInstitute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM- Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200082, People's Republic of China.
Li-Chao ZhangDepartment of Pharmacy, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, People's Republic of China.
Ling LiInstitute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM- Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200082, People's Republic of China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cell membrane-coated nanoparticles are receiving increasing recognition for their potential in treating cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This novel drug delivery system, featuring drug-loaded nanoparticles modified by naturally derived cell membranes, is capable of precisely targeting diseased sites, improving drug bioavailability, evading immune surveillance, and prolonging half-life. These targeted and protective behaviors are driven by the preservation of functional surface proteins on the cell membrane, such as CD47 for inhibiting macrophage phagocytosis and specific integrins for targeting disease sites. More importantly, by translating inherent multi-target bioactivities into localized therapeutic outcomes, this biomimetic nanotechnology can significantly improve the drug delivery of TCM monomers, whose therapeutic effects on the treatment of CVD have been widely recognized. However, their clinical translations have historically been restricted by low bioavailability and unfavorable pharmacokinetics. Therefore, this review underscores recent developments in cell membrane-coated nanocarriers for treating CVD. It then highlights the application of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) monomers delivered via cell membrane-coated nanoparticles in atherosclerosis, thrombosis, myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke. Finally, this work discusses the challenges for clinical translation of these biomimetic nanocarriers by highlighting the technical complexities of source cell collection, membrane extraction efficiency, and large-scale manufacturing standardization that currently block clinical translation.

Indexed as

Biomimetic MaterialsCardiovascular DiseasesCell MembraneDrugs, Chinese HerbalNanoparticle Drug Delivery SystemNanoparticlesAnimalsHumansMedicine, Chinese TraditionalDrugs, Chinese HerbalNanoparticle Drug Delivery Systembiomimetic nanoparticlescardiovascular diseasescell membrane coatingtraditional Chinese medicine monomer

Identifiers

PMID42403545
PMCPMC13332739

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.