Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42404325›Full record

ReviewCureus2026

Inspiratory Muscle Training for Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Narrative Review.

Bruno Bordoni, Bruno Morabito, Allan R Escher

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Bruno BordoniPhysical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, ITA.
Bruno MorabitoPhysical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Osteopathic Centre for Research and Studies, Milan, ITA.
Allan R EscherOncologic Sciences, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide, despite being considered a partially preventable disease. COPD includes the presence of chronic bronchitis and/or pulmonary emphysema. Treatment for these patients involves multiple approaches, including pharmacological, surgical, and rehabilitative interventions. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), when properly implemented, is free of harmful effects compared to medications and surgery. PR can improve symptoms, quality of life, exercise tolerance, dyspnea, and delay mortality. Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is recommended as part of PR or as an adjunctive therapy. There is disagreement in the literature regarding the usefulness of routinely adding IMT to PR, as it does not appear to add significant clinical benefits. Looking at the literature, there is great inhomogeneity in the parameters used for IMT, and conclusions are therefore elusive. The article reviews the importance of IMT as an integral part of PR and highlights the diaphragm as more than just a respiratory muscle. A respiratory work protocol is proposed to align with current training principles.

Indexed as

acute exacerbationsaecopdchronic obstructive pulmonary diseasecopddiaphragmguidelinesinspiratory muscle trainingpulmonary rehabilitation

Identifiers

PMID42404325
PMCPMC13329788

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.