ReviewOpen research Africa2026
Beyond VAR2CSA: redefining the antigenic landscape of placental malaria vaccines.
Review in Open research Africa, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Background: Placental malaria (PM) remains a leading driver of maternal and neonatal mortality, largely attributed to the sequestration of Methods: This review examines existing literature to map potential vaccine antigens implicated in placental malaria ,and outlines a comprehensive vaccine development pipeline. It synthesizes emerging data on antigen expression profiles, immunogenicity, and mechanistic roles in placental pathogenesis. In addition, it highlights both key placental and blood-stage antigens expressed during pregnancy and reviews identification and testing strategies to guide rational PM vaccine design. Results: This Review maps the expanding antigenic landscape of PM beyond VAR2CSA, identifying non-canonical surface and exported proteins, including SURFINs, PHISTs, PfRON3, and Conclusions: Furthermore, we propose an integrated framework for rational vaccine design that couples high-throughput antigen discovery and structural immunogen engineering with multivalent formulation strategies. By bridging the gap between molecular parasitology and translational immunology, this roadmap offers a strategic path toward a broadly protective placental malaria (PM) vaccine.
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