Evidence mapPaperPMID 42405260Full record

SynthesisPeerJ2026

The optimal dose of brisk walking for improving blood pressure in hypertensive patients: a systematic review and bayesian meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Jialin Wang, Li Ma, Qihan Lin, Yikun Yin

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in PeerJ, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Jialin Wang *School of Physical Education, Jining University, Jining, China.
Li Ma *Institute of China Sports Development, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.
Qihan LinCollege of Physical Education and Health, Longyan University, Longyan, China.
Yikun YinSchool of Sport Human Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide. Brisk walking is regarded as a safe and effective exercise modality for blood pressure reduction; however, its optimal exercise dose remains unclear. This study aims to systematically evaluate the effects of brisk walking on blood pressure in patients with hypertension using a Bayesian meta-analysis, and to determine the dose-response relationship and the optimal exercise dose range. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were systematically searched in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP Information (VIP), Wanfang Data, CBM, PubMed, EBSCO (MEDLINE), Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from database inception to December 30, 2025. Bayesian hierarchical random-effects models were constructed using the brms, metafor, and dosresmeta packages in R software (version 4.4.3) to perform pairwise comparisons and dose-response meta-analyses. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool. Results: A total of 17 RCTs involving 1,493 patients with hypertension were included. Brisk walking significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (Hedges' g = - 0.48, 95% CrI [-0.54 to -0.43]) and diastolic blood pressure (Hedges' g = - 0.51, 95% CrI [-0.58 to -0.44]), both representing moderate effect sizes. A "U" shaped dose-response relationship was observed for systolic blood pressure, with the optimal dose at approximately 460 MET (Metabolic Equivalent) ⋅ min/week (Hedges' g = - 1.00, 95% CrI [-1.54 ∼-0.46]), indicating a large effect size. Diastolic blood pressure exhibited a negative dose-response relationship, with the most significant improvement also observed at approximately 620 MET min/week (Hedges ' g = - 0.55, 95% CrI [-1.06 ∼-0.03]), corresponding to a substantial effect. Conclusion: Brisk walking significantly improves blood pressure in patients with hypertension and demonstrates a precise dose-response relationship. A brisk walking regimen of four sessions per week, ≤ 40 minutes per session, lasting at least 12 weeks, with a total weekly dose of 460-620 MET min/week, is recommended to achieve the most pronounced blood pressure-lowering effects.

Indexed as

Blood PressureHypertensionWalkingBayes TheoremFemaleHumansRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicBayesian meta-analysisBlood pressureBrisk walkingDose-responseHypertension

Identifiers

PMID42405260
PMCPMC13330745

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.